Korean Lesson 1. Paticles #1 Nominative Particles -이/가

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Bryan Sunday 24th of December 2006 11:58:05 PM
Lesson 1. Paticles #1 - Nominative(or Subject) particles are attached to a noun or pronoun that is the SUBJECT of a verb in a sentence.

1. -이 is used when the noun ends in a consonant.
*meaning the last combination of alphabets of the noun is Consonant+Vowel+Consonant (CVC)

examples: 책상이, 문이, 책이, 칼이.. (desk, door, book, knife)

2. -가 is used when the noun ends in a vowel.
*meaning the last combination of alphabets of the noun is Consonant+Vowel (CV)

examplaes: 사과가, 의자가, 전화가.. (apple, chair, telephone)

**NOTE. when this particle is attached to 나, 너, 저, 누구 (first person singular, second person singular, first person singular formal, who), they become 내가, 네가, 제가 and 누가 respectively.

examples: 내가 해요. (I do (it)), 누가 갑니까? (who leaves [goes]?)

study following sentences and new vocabulary.
1.책상이 있습니다. (there is a desk)
2.사과가 비쌉니다. (the apple is expensive)
3.전화가 옵니다. (the telephone is ringing [lit. coming])
4.책이 무겁습니다. (the book is heavy)
5.문이 열립니다. (the door is opening [lit. is being opened])
6.칼이 날카롭습니다. (the knife is sharp)
7.제가 합니다. (I do (it))

*verbs. all the verbs in the dictionary appear with the infinitive ending -다, which is normally dropped when conjugating them.
1.있- to be (there are two verbs that mean \"to be\" in Korean. it\'s somewhat similar to \'ser\' and \'estar\' in Spanish. it will be further explained in the verb lessons.)
2.비싸- to be expensive
3.오- to come
4.무겁- to be heavy
5.열리- to be opened, to be held (event)
6.날카롭- to be sharp
7.하- to do

Observe how the verbs were conjugated in the example sentences. The verb conjugation will be explained later. Untill then, stick to using the forms alredy used in the lessons you\'ve seen.

Psy Friday 29th of December 2006 07:15:03 AM
- Very handy! I just need to figure out a better way to remember new vocabulary...

Regarding \"iss~\" (to be), I had thought it was more like the Japanese verbs [b]aru[/b]/[b]iru[/b] and [b]de aru[/b], where one shows existance and the other a grammatical copula. In Spanish it works a bit differently, where [b]ser[/b] shows an absolute charactaristic and [b]estar[/b] is the current condition. For example:

Japanese:
[i]teeburu no ue ni ringo ga [b]aru[/b][/i] (there is an apple on the table)

[i]sono ringo wa akai [b]de aru[/b][/i] (that apple is red)

Spanish:
[i]Ud. [b]es[/b] Mexicano, no?[/i] (you are Mexican, right?)

[i]El [b]esta[/b] alli.[/i] (he is over there)

For clarification, which is it? Is it either? Just been thrown a little off balance because I\'d never compared the Korean verbs with Spanish before.

Thanks!

Bryan Friday 29th of December 2006 07:58:09 AM
- Hello Psy!

있- would be equivalent to \'estar\' or \'haber\' in Spanish. It expresses current condition, physical location or existence of something. Like in Spanish, it\'s used in the present progressive tense, too. (be+ing)

examples:
의자가 한개 있습니다. (There\'s a(one) chair)
도로에 차가 많이 있습니다. (There are many cars on the road)
공부를 하고 있습니다. ((pro) is studying)

이- would be like \'ser\' in Spanish, that identifies name, nationality, gender, age, colour, etc of something(somebody).

examples:
철수는 한국인 입니다. (Chul-soo is Korean)
나는 18살 입니다. (I\'m 18 years old)
이 책상은 파란색 입니다. (This desk is blue)
이것은 공책 입니다. (This is a notebook)

You can observe that the verb 이- becomes 입- when conjugated. This is called \"ㅂ irregular\" and I will post lessons on the topic later. Also, for those who don\'t have knowledge in Spanish verbs, these two verbs will be explained again in a lesson.

Thank you, and questions are always welcome!

Haru-kun Thursday 04th of January 2007 07:56:21 PM
- yes... korean!!!
when i have the time, i\'ll read all of your lessons, bryan :)

Bryan Friday 05th of January 2007 09:40:31 PM
- Welcome to the forum, Haru-kun!

Questions are welcome and your participation will be appreciated. :D

Thanks!

Phrasebase Archive
	Bryan	Sunday 24th of December 2006 11:58:05 PM
	Lesson 1. Paticles #1 - Nominative(or Subject) particles are attached to a noun or pronoun that is the SUBJECT of a verb in a sentence. 1. -이 is used when the noun ends in a consonant. meaning the last combination of alphabets of the noun is Consonant+Vowel+Consonant (CVC) examples: 책상이, 문이, 책이, 칼이.. (desk, door, book, knife) 2. -가 is used when the noun ends in a vowel. meaning the last combination of alphabets of the noun is Consonant+Vowel (CV) examplaes: 사과가, 의자가, 전화가.. (apple, chair, telephone) *NOTE. when this particle is attached to 나, 너, 저, 누구 (first person singular, second person singular, first person singular formal, who), they become 내가, 네가, 제가 and 누가 respectively. examples: 내가 해요. (I do (it)), 누가 갑니까? (who leaves [goes]?) study following sentences and new vocabulary. 1.책상이 있습니다. (there is a desk) 2.사과가 비쌉니다. (the apple is expensive) 3.전화가 옵니다. (the telephone is ringing [lit. coming]) 4.책이 무겁습니다. (the book is heavy) 5.문이 열립니다. (the door is opening [lit. is being opened]) 6.칼이 날카롭습니다. (the knife is sharp) 7.제가 합니다. (I do (it)) verbs. all the verbs in the dictionary appear with the infinitive ending -다, which is normally dropped when conjugating them. 1.있- to be (there are two verbs that mean \"to be\" in Korean. it\'s somewhat similar to \'ser\' and \'estar\' in Spanish. it will be further explained in the verb lessons.) 2.비싸- to be expensive 3.오- to come 4.무겁- to be heavy 5.열리- to be opened, to be held (event) 6.날카롭- to be sharp 7.하- to do Observe how the verbs were conjugated in the example sentences. The verb conjugation will be explained later. Untill then, stick to using the forms alredy used in the lessons you\'ve seen.
	Psy	Friday 29th of December 2006 07:15:03 AM
	- Very handy! I just need to figure out a better way to remember new vocabulary... Regarding \"iss~\" (to be), I had thought it was more like the Japanese verbs [b]aru[/b]/[b]iru[/b] and [b]de aru[/b], where one shows existance and the other a grammatical copula. In Spanish it works a bit differently, where [b]ser[/b] shows an absolute charactaristic and [b]estar[/b] is the current condition. For example: Japanese: [i]teeburu no ue ni ringo ga [b]aru[/b][/i] (there is an apple on the table) [i]sono ringo wa akai [b]de aru[/b][/i] (that apple is red) Spanish: [i]Ud. [b]es[/b] Mexicano, no?[/i] (you are Mexican, right?) [i]El [b]esta[/b] alli.[/i] (he is over there) For clarification, which is it? Is it either? Just been thrown a little off balance because I\'d never compared the Korean verbs with Spanish before. Thanks!
	Bryan	Friday 29th of December 2006 07:58:09 AM
	- Hello Psy! 있- would be equivalent to \'estar\' or \'haber\' in Spanish. It expresses current condition, physical location or existence of something. Like in Spanish, it\'s used in the present progressive tense, too. (be+ing) examples: 의자가 한개 있습니다. (There\'s a(one) chair) 도로에 차가 많이 있습니다. (There are many cars on the road) 공부를 하고 있습니다. ((pro) is studying) 이- would be like \'ser\' in Spanish, that identifies name, nationality, gender, age, colour, etc of something(somebody). examples: 철수는 한국인 입니다. (Chul-soo is Korean) 나는 18살 입니다. (I\'m 18 years old) 이 책상은 파란색 입니다. (This desk is blue) 이것은 공책 입니다. (This is a notebook) You can observe that the verb 이- becomes 입- when conjugated. This is called \"ㅂ irregular\" and I will post lessons on the topic later. Also, for those who don\'t have knowledge in Spanish verbs, these two verbs will be explained again in a lesson. Thank you, and questions are always welcome!
	Haru-kun	Thursday 04th of January 2007 07:56:21 PM
	- yes... korean!!! when i have the time, i\'ll read all of your lessons, bryan :)
	Bryan	Friday 05th of January 2007 09:40:31 PM
	- Welcome to the forum, Haru-kun! Questions are welcome and your participation will be appreciated. :D Thanks!