Korean Lesson 5. Paticles #5 Locative Particle -에
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Bryan
Sunday 31st of December 2006 01:36:32 AM
Lesson 5. Paticles #5: -에 has only one form. It is used to indicate location, direction or time.
examples:
1. location (at/in)
책은 서랍안에 있습니다. 옷은 옷장에 있습니다. (the book is in the drawer. and(but) the clothes is in the closet.
음식이 냉장고에 있습니다. (The food is in the refrigerator./ There are food in the refrigerator.)
가게에 물건이 있습니다. (Things(goods) are in the store)
NOTE. in Korean, word order is flexible than in English. in the second and third examples, it is demonstrated that the locative portion can either precede or follow the subject of the sentence.
2. direction (to)
지금 학교에 갑니다. Now (pro) goes to school.
3. time (translation varies)
아침에 교회에 갑니다. In the morning, (pro) goes to church.
밤에 숙제를 합니다. At night (pro) does homework.
주말에 등산을 갑니다. On the weekend, (pro) goes mountain-climbing.
-에 is also used to mean 'a, per, or by'
하루에 두 번 밥을 먹습니다. (pro) eat twice a day
일 주일에 다섯 번 학교에 갑니다. (pro) goes to school five times a week.
사과 한개에 오백원 입니다. it's 500 won for an apple.
This topic will be brought up again with the counting words.
NOTE. won is national currency of South Korea.
*new verb
가- to go, to attend
등산(을 ) 가- to go mountain-climbing
밥(을 ) 먹- to have a meal [lit. to eat rice] used in both meanings.
Percavius
Wednesday 31st of January 2007 03:39:14 PM
Ok I understood most of that.
음식이 냉장고에 있습니다. (The food is in the refrigerator)
I wonder, could it also be phrased like "음식이 안에 냉장고를 있습니다"? I haven't learned just how 안에 is used.
에 to mean 'a, per, or by' is a little confusing to remember... but I just have one question.
사과 한개에 오백원 입니다. it's 500 won for an apple.
By the construction of this sentence I gather that 한개에
means 'for'? I didn't see 한개 in a dictionary though- does 한개 have a special meaning on it's own?
edwoodseo
Wednesday 31st of January 2007 05:19:24 PM
Believing that Bryan would bring the answer to you,
I will have some of brief tips on that queries you got now.
음식이 안에 냉장고를 있습니다 doesn't make sense grammatically.
음식이 냉장고 안에 있습니다 is more perfect in fact while ...냉장고에.... is still conversationally acceptable.
안 is just single noun itself and we need in this phrase a preposition like at or in (to in other case), so 에 is added to 안 to be 안에 which is a preposition.
한개 is not one single word in fact, which needs a space btw two syllables, where 한 means ONE and 개 is the unit of counting number of inanimated stuffs, so you won't be able to find it as of one word in the dictionary. We just used to write it as one word practically...두 개~두개, 세 개~세개...
This makes sense for you ?
Bryan
Friday 02nd of February 2007 09:15:05 AM
Hi, Percavius, sorry for the late response.
First, 음식이 안에 냉장고를 있습니다 does not make sense because the location word 냉장고's taken an object marker. so it's something like, the food is existing the fridge.. or something like that, which doesn't make sense in English, either.
음식이 냉장고에 있습니다 and 음식이 냉장고 안에 있습니다 are both correct but there's a slight difference. the latter, as it has the indication of 'inside' "안", the location is more specific. But usually people don't bother to use "안" in this case, because usually a fridge contains things 'inside'. another similar case is 공책이 책상에 있습니다 and 공책이 책상 위에 있습니다. the latter, with the word "위" which means 'on the top of', 'over' or 'up', the location is very specific. but as people know that a desk usually holds stuff on its surface, it isn't really necessary to say "위" to specify it unless the desk has drawers. the person who hears "공책이 책상에 있습니다" will search the surface of the desk as well as in the drawers to look for the 공책. but if we say 공책이 책상 위에 있습니다 or 공책이 책상 안에 있습니다, the location of 공책 is a lot more clear. (the former: on the desk, the latter: in the drawer of the desk) therefore, these little words like 안 or 위 can be omitted depending on the context and how specific you want to be. and to me this omission doesn't seem to have anything to do with formality and its use is acceptable in any register of the language.
and it was my mistake to have put 한개에 without spacing. in fact, there's a space between 한 and 개. it holds true in any combination of a number word and a counting word. therefore 한 개 does not appear in the dictionary as a word.
you will eventually have to learn to recognize those words as seperate units even if you see them written without proper spacing, because Koreans are really bad at spacing. as far as i remember, i never learned to do it at school. we were expected to just learn it by ourselves. haha.
Percavius
Tuesday 03rd of April 2007 03:35:24 AM
Thanks for the explaination before.
I just came back to this page again today to review. Regarding 위에, it means anywhere above right? To say specifically on the top surface it's 위쪽에?
How about if I want to say there is zeppelin over my house but not ontop of my house. "zeppelin이 내집 위에 있어"... might it mean it's right ontop?
And to say something is on the inner left surface could I say 윈안쪽에?
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