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arkangath Saturday 23rd of July 2005 01:28:42 AM
Standard Portuguese lesson - I kept correcting simple things so I'll write a basic lesson. Read and ask questions!

Before I start I am Portuguese (never left Portugal) and I can be contacted through:
Mail: arkangath@gmail.com
Messenger: esteaqui@hotmail.com
Skype: arkangath (rarely there, mail me first)

NOTE: When I say "brazilian" i'm refering to brazilian Portugese. When I say "Portuguese", i'm refering to Standard Portuguese. I'll try not to make abbreviations. Correct me if you think I'm wrong, but keep in mind this is Standard portuguese, not brazilian.

First simple things
1 (one) - um
2 - dois
3 - três
4 - quatro
5 - cinco
6 - seis
7 - sete
8 - oito
9 - nove
10 - dez
11 - onze
12 - doze (NOT "douze")
13 - treze (some people read "treuze")
14 - quatorze
15 - quinze
16 to 20 "deza-" followed by numer. Ex:
16 - dezaseis
17 - dezasete
18 - dezoito (but it is read dezóito)
19 - dezanove
20 - vinte
21 to 29 - "vinte e " followed by number "21 - vinte e um"
30 - trinta (31 - trinta e um)

40 to 90 - (number"-enta")
ex:
40 - quarenta (42 - quarenta e dois)
50 - cinquenta (53 - cinquenta e três)
60 - sessenta
70 - setenta
80 - oitenta
90 - noventa
100 - cem
over 100: "cento e" number (101 - cento e um, 123 - cento e vinte e três).
1000 - mil
10.000 - dez mil
100.000 - cem mil
1.000.000 - milhão
1.000.000.000 - "um mil milhão", milhares de milhões
1.000.000.000.000 - bilião

The numbering system is NOT wrong. Portuguese bilion is 1.000.000.000.000. Don't ask why.

Persons
Eu (I)
Tu (informal you)
Você (formal you, frequent in Brazilian)
Ele/Ela (he/she. "it" is replaced with the gender of object or animal)
nós (we)
vós (formal plural you, not used in Brazilian)
Eles/Elas (they male/female. If group is mixed, male is used)
vocês (informal you, conjugated the same way has "eles")

NOTE 1: I will NOT conjugate "vocês". You will remmember it is the same as "eles/elas".
NOTE 2:"Vós" has no gender. It can be used for a group. Only used in extreemly formal ocasions (meeting the boss, the prime minister, etc). In these cases, it is considered rude to use "você", but such thinking is becoming outdated. Still..... use your best judgement.

Portuguese verbs are classified in three groups:
In infinitive (infinitivo)
First - verbs ending in "-ar" (estar)
Second- verbs ending in "-er" (nascer)
Third - " " in "-ir" (cair)

NOTE: The verb "por" is classified as second group, because in arcaic (read: ancient) portuguese it was "poer".

Verbs in the same group are conjugated the same way (same ending) except, of course, irregular verbs.

Portuguese language has five "modos" (modes) (Indicativo, Subjuntivo, Condicional, imperativo and Infinitivo pessoal). Each mode has "tempos" (times?).

Modo indicativo
-Presente
-Futuro
-Futuro anterior
-Pretérito perfeito
-Pretérito (imperfeito)
-Pretérito mais-que-perfeito
NOTE 1: some people replace Pretérito with "Passado", but the OFFICIAL name is "Pretérito".
NOTE 2: "Pretérito Imperfeito" is often refered as "Pretérito" or "Passado".

Modo subjuntivo
-Presente
-Pretérito (imperfeito)
-Pretérito perfeito
-Pretérito mais-que-perfeito
-Futuro
-Futuro anterior

Modo Imperativo (orders) has no times.
Modo Condicional (conditional) has no times.
Modo Infinito Pessoal has no times.

NOTE: Modo condicional and subjuntivo are used together to form the condicional statements (maybe I'll write it later on).

Examples:
(I'll write other modes and times later on, or check them in [URL]www.verbix.com[/URL])

Verbo "estar" Indicativo Presente ("to be" in a place)
Person conjugation termination (est-)
Eu estou (-ou)
Tu estás (-ás)
ele está (-á)
nós estamos (-amos)
vós estais (-ais)
eles estão (-ão)

Verbo nascer Presente Indicativo (verb "to born")
Eu nasco (-o) (READ NOTE!!!!)
Tu nasces (-es)
ele nasce (-e)
nos nascemos (-emos)
vos nasceis (-eis)
eles nascem (-em)

NOTE: Pay attention to "eu nasco", because it is written incorrectly! The correct way would be "nasço". The "c" letter has a comma below it "ç". It is a special portuguese character (named "c cedilhado"). I will not write it because some browsers/computers may not be able to display it correctly. I'll tell you when to use it if I have the time for it.

Verbo cair Presente Indicativo (verb "to fall")
Eu caio (-o)
Tu cais (-s)
ele cai (-)
nos caímos (-mos)
vós caides (-des)
eles caem (-em)

IMPORTANT!!! **** Gerund **** (gerundio)
The gerund is rarely used in Portuguese, although it is frequent in brazilian. An alternative form is used:
I am writing. - "Eu estou a ecrever"
You are reading - "Tu estás a ler"
He is sleeping - "Ele está a dormir"
Has you can see, the gerund is composed by the verb "estar" conjugated in the correct time and the main verb is accompanied with "a" and in the infinitive (infinitivo).
In brazilian it would be (by previous order)
"Eu estou escrevendo"
"Tu estás lendo"
"Ele está dormindo"

Now, let me show you the components of a sentence, this will help you understand sentences (retrieve the correct information).

"Eu vivo" ("I live" - verbo "viver" - "to live")
Simple thing. The person, or subject (in portuguese, sujeito) of the sentence is "eu". The action ("accão", should be written "acção") is "vivo". Simple! Next!

"O Pedro come um bolo." ("Pedro eats a cake." - verbo "comer" - "to eat", "um" - "one, a", "bolo" - "cake"). By the way, Pedro is a name (my name).
Sujeito: "(O) Pedro"
Acção: "Come"
Complemento directo (o quê): "um bolo" - I don't know the english translation, I guess it would be "direct complement (what) - a cake". Ufff!

Another example:
"A Joana fecha a janela" - "Joana closes the window"
Joana is a noun, "fecha" is verbo "fechar" (to close), a janela is "the window".
Sujeito: A Joana
Acção (action): fecha (closes)
Complemento directo: a janela (the window)
Understand.
Who? - Joana
Does what? - Closes
Closes what? - The window

Have I cleared your mind?! Good, because it is about to get more complicated. Let's pick up our previous sentence.
"A Joana fecha a janela."
And we ask - "which window"?! The complete sentence would be:
"A Joana fecha a janela amarela"
Sujeito: "A Joana"
Acção: "fecha" (closes)
Complemento directo (o quê, what): "a janela" (the window)
Complemento indirecto (qual, which): "amarela" (yellow)
So, "Joana closes the yellow window". Note that in portuguese, adjectives ("adjectivos") comes AFTER ("depois") the noun.

Enlightened? Hope so. Now, I've added a few elements here. Note the letters "A" in "Joana" and "janela" and "O" in "Pedro" (A Joana, A janela, O Pedro).
This is what is called artigo definido (don't know translation).

Portuguese has four (4 - "quatro") "artigos definidos":
o/a (male/female SINGULAR)
os/as (male/female PLURAL)
which replace the english "the" (the window).
Beacuse Pedro is a male name, it is said "O Pedro" because you are refering to me (I am Pedro), or "O Arkangath". In english you would put the "the", but you do in Portuguese.
Janela is a female noun (Joana is a female name) so you say "A janela, a Joana", "The window".
"Os bolos" - "The cakes", "bolo" is a male noun, "bolos" is its plural.

Ufff! I hope I didn't lost anyone back there! If I did, PLEASE, ASK YOUR QUESTION (I mean it)! Post it or mail me, whatever! I'll answer as fast I can.

Now, I'll tell you about plural!

In portuguese, to add a plural, you simply add a "s" at the end of the word, WHEN such a word end with a VOWEL (a,e,i,o,u).
"bolo" becomes "bolos"
"janela" becomes "janelas"
note that "a janela" becomes "as janelas", the artigo definido accompanies the noun in plural.
Some words already end in "s", for example, "lápis" (pensil). These words do not have a plural. Their singular form serves both purposes, like the english "sheep" ("ovelha").
When the word in question does not end in a vowel:
"computador" (computer) becomes "computadores"
"monitor" (computer screen) becomes "monitores"
So, word ending in "-or", their plural is "-es". Nice.
"Canal" (channel) becomes "canais"
"Chacal" (an animal, don't remmember which) becomes "chacais"
"cereais" (cerial) "cereais"
Ending in "-al" becomes "-ais"
"Televisão" (TV) becomes "televisões"
"Pão" (bread) becomes "Pães"
"cão" (dog) becomes "cães"
Ending in "-ão" becomes, you guessed, "-ães".
Words ending with "-m" become "-ns"
"Aparelhagem" (radio, cd-player, tape recorder, all in one) becomes "aparelhagens"

Don't worry if one of your plurals is mis-formed.... sometimes even portuguese people get them wrong! Really!

Ouch! My fingers are starting to hurt! :P

I'll be back, ok?!

EDIT: corrected "cinquanta" to "cinquenta" (ups). Thank you Anabela (if that was your name... :P).

remy Saturday 23rd of July 2005 03:43:27 PM
- boy talk about hurting i can see stars hehe :D too much portuguese is making my brains go around in circle :p but i got the idea of how to use " i am" and i just learnt the numbers 1-10 cos i can't seem to remember then when i start with 11-20 :p hehe waiting for more ;)obrigada!

cheers,
reem

gzimize Thursday 18th of August 2005 07:51:13 AM
numbers - some numbers in brazilian portuguese are different (go the diferences):
16 - dezesseis
17 - dezessete
19 - dezenove

50 - cinqüenta

1.000.000.000 - um bilhão
1.000.000.000.000 - um trilhão

RisingSun Friday 19th of August 2005 12:37:41 AM
- obrigada
but
The numbering system is NOT wrong. Portuguese bilion is 1.000.000.000.000. Don't ask why.
Why???
and when do u use tu instead of voce?

gzimize Friday 19th of August 2005 04:46:40 AM
- oi!
arkangath speaks the standard portuguese (spoken in Portugal) and i speak the brazilian portuguese (spoken in Brazil, of course)
in Portugal, the number 1.000.000.000.000 is "bilião" as arkangath said, but in Brazil this number is said "um trilhão". i don't know why this difference exists, but it does
até mais!

delia Wednesday 24th of August 2005 02:45:45 AM
- muito obrigada tambem,pedro!
im looking forward to the next lesson

RagingPineapples Monday 29th of August 2005 08:16:50 PM
- As palavras ingles:

Complemento Directo = The (Direct) Object

For putting the adjective at the end, a teacher of mine explained it very well with French. She said that in England, we keep people in suspense. I could tell you I have 'an ugly, vicious, nasty, spiteful, evil, malevolent, hungry, yellow, shiny, monstrous...' and you still have no idea what I'm talking about. I'm keeping you in suspense.

We use it in humour quite a bit by building up adjectives and then ending with an object that doesn't fit the adjectives. Like a vicious, spiteful, evil, hungry, deadly, nasty poodle.

You can't do this in portuguese. In portuguese it would be 'a poodle vicious, spiteful, evil, hungry,... etc'.

I like to imagine I'm doing an impression of Hercule Poirot.

He's well known for phrases like "It was a crime most horrible" or "you are a woman devious and self-centered" where we would normally say "a most horrible crime" or "a devious and self-centered woman".

Artigo Definido = The Definite Article.

In English this is just 'The'
There's also the Indefinite Article, which is 'a'

EDIT: Removed stuff about direct and indirect objects, because as I suspected, it was wrong:p. The rest is okay. :)

Phrasebase Archive
	arkangath	Saturday 23rd of July 2005 01:28:42 AM
	Standard Portuguese lesson - I kept correcting simple things so I'll write a basic lesson. Read and ask questions! Before I start I am Portuguese (never left Portugal) and I can be contacted through: Mail: arkangath@gmail.com Messenger: esteaqui@hotmail.com Skype: arkangath (rarely there, mail me first) NOTE: When I say "brazilian" i'm refering to brazilian Portugese. When I say "Portuguese", i'm refering to Standard Portuguese. I'll try not to make abbreviations. Correct me if you think I'm wrong, but keep in mind this is Standard portuguese, not brazilian. First simple things 1 (one) - um 2 - dois 3 - três 4 - quatro 5 - cinco 6 - seis 7 - sete 8 - oito 9 - nove 10 - dez 11 - onze 12 - doze (NOT "douze") 13 - treze (some people read "treuze") 14 - quatorze 15 - quinze 16 to 20 "deza-" followed by numer. Ex: 16 - dezaseis 17 - dezasete 18 - dezoito (but it is read dezóito) 19 - dezanove 20 - vinte 21 to 29 - "vinte e " followed by number "21 - vinte e um" 30 - trinta (31 - trinta e um) 40 to 90 - (number"-enta") ex: 40 - quarenta (42 - quarenta e dois) 50 - cinquenta (53 - cinquenta e três) 60 - sessenta 70 - setenta 80 - oitenta 90 - noventa 100 - cem over 100: "cento e" number (101 - cento e um, 123 - cento e vinte e três). 1000 - mil 10.000 - dez mil 100.000 - cem mil 1.000.000 - milhão 1.000.000.000 - "um mil milhão", milhares de milhões 1.000.000.000.000 - bilião The numbering system is NOT wrong. Portuguese bilion is 1.000.000.000.000. Don't ask why. Persons Eu (I) Tu (informal you) Você (formal you, frequent in Brazilian) Ele/Ela (he/she. "it" is replaced with the gender of object or animal) nós (we) vós (formal plural you, not used in Brazilian) Eles/Elas (they male/female. If group is mixed, male is used) vocês (informal you, conjugated the same way has "eles") NOTE 1: I will NOT conjugate "vocês". You will remmember it is the same as "eles/elas". NOTE 2:"Vós" has no gender. It can be used for a group. Only used in extreemly formal ocasions (meeting the boss, the prime minister, etc). In these cases, it is considered rude to use "você", but such thinking is becoming outdated. Still..... use your best judgement. Portuguese verbs are classified in three groups: In infinitive (infinitivo) First - verbs ending in "-ar" (estar) Second- verbs ending in "-er" (nascer) Third - " " in "-ir" (cair) NOTE: The verb "por" is classified as second group, because in arcaic (read: ancient) portuguese it was "poer". Verbs in the same group are conjugated the same way (same ending) except, of course, irregular verbs. Portuguese language has five "modos" (modes) (Indicativo, Subjuntivo, Condicional, imperativo and Infinitivo pessoal). Each mode has "tempos" (times?). Modo indicativo -Presente -Futuro -Futuro anterior -Pretérito perfeito -Pretérito (imperfeito) -Pretérito mais-que-perfeito NOTE 1: some people replace Pretérito with "Passado", but the OFFICIAL name is "Pretérito". NOTE 2: "Pretérito Imperfeito" is often refered as "Pretérito" or "Passado". Modo subjuntivo -Presente -Pretérito (imperfeito) -Pretérito perfeito -Pretérito mais-que-perfeito -Futuro -Futuro anterior Modo Imperativo (orders) has no times. Modo Condicional (conditional) has no times. Modo Infinito Pessoal has no times. NOTE: Modo condicional and subjuntivo are used together to form the condicional statements (maybe I'll write it later on). Examples: (I'll write other modes and times later on, or check them in [URL]www.verbix.com[/URL]) Verbo "estar" Indicativo Presente ("to be" in a place) Person conjugation termination (est-) Eu estou (-ou) Tu estás (-ás) ele está (-á) nós estamos (-amos) vós estais (-ais) eles estão (-ão) Verbo nascer Presente Indicativo (verb "to born") Eu nasco (-o) (READ NOTE!!!!) Tu nasces (-es) ele nasce (-e) nos nascemos (-emos) vos nasceis (-eis) eles nascem (-em) NOTE: Pay attention to "eu nasco", because it is written incorrectly! The correct way would be "nasço". The "c" letter has a comma below it "ç". It is a special portuguese character (named "c cedilhado"). I will not write it because some browsers/computers may not be able to display it correctly. I'll tell you when to use it if I have the time for it. Verbo cair Presente Indicativo (verb "to fall") Eu caio (-o) Tu cais (-s) ele cai (-) nos caímos (-mos) vós caides (-des) eles caem (-em) IMPORTANT!!! ** Gerund ** (gerundio) The gerund is rarely used in Portuguese, although it is frequent in brazilian. An alternative form is used: I am writing. - "Eu estou a ecrever" You are reading - "Tu estás a ler" He is sleeping - "Ele está a dormir" Has you can see, the gerund is composed by the verb "estar" conjugated in the correct time and the main verb is accompanied with "a" and in the infinitive (infinitivo). In brazilian it would be (by previous order) "Eu estou escrevendo" "Tu estás lendo" "Ele está dormindo" Now, let me show you the components of a sentence, this will help you understand sentences (retrieve the correct information). "Eu vivo" ("I live" - verbo "viver" - "to live") Simple thing. The person, or subject (in portuguese, sujeito) of the sentence is "eu". The action ("accão", should be written "acção") is "vivo". Simple! Next! "O Pedro come um bolo." ("Pedro eats a cake." - verbo "comer" - "to eat", "um" - "one, a", "bolo" - "cake"). By the way, Pedro is a name (my name). Sujeito: "(O) Pedro" Acção: "Come" Complemento directo (o quê): "um bolo" - I don't know the english translation, I guess it would be "direct complement (what) - a cake". Ufff! Another example: "A Joana fecha a janela" - "Joana closes the window" Joana is a noun, "fecha" is verbo "fechar" (to close), a janela is "the window". Sujeito: A Joana Acção (action): fecha (closes) Complemento directo: a janela (the window) Understand. Who? - Joana Does what? - Closes Closes what? - The window Have I cleared your mind?! Good, because it is about to get more complicated. Let's pick up our previous sentence. "A Joana fecha a janela." And we ask - "which window"?! The complete sentence would be: "A Joana fecha a janela amarela" Sujeito: "A Joana" Acção: "fecha" (closes) Complemento directo (o quê, what): "a janela" (the window) Complemento indirecto (qual, which): "amarela" (yellow) So, "Joana closes the yellow window". Note that in portuguese, adjectives ("adjectivos") comes AFTER ("depois") the noun. Enlightened? Hope so. Now, I've added a few elements here. Note the letters "A" in "Joana" and "janela" and "O" in "Pedro" (A Joana, A janela, O Pedro). This is what is called artigo definido (don't know translation). Portuguese has four (4 - "quatro") "artigos definidos": o/a (male/female SINGULAR) os/as (male/female PLURAL) which replace the english "the" (the window). Beacuse Pedro is a male name, it is said "O Pedro" because you are refering to me (I am Pedro), or "O Arkangath". In english you would put the "the", but you do in Portuguese. Janela is a female noun (Joana is a female name) so you say "A janela, a Joana", "The window". "Os bolos" - "The cakes", "bolo" is a male noun, "bolos" is its plural. Ufff! I hope I didn't lost anyone back there! If I did, PLEASE, ASK YOUR QUESTION (I mean it)! Post it or mail me, whatever! I'll answer as fast I can. Now, I'll tell you about plural! In portuguese, to add a plural, you simply add a "s" at the end of the word, WHEN such a word end with a VOWEL (a,e,i,o,u). "bolo" becomes "bolos" "janela" becomes "janelas" note that "a janela" becomes "as janelas", the artigo definido accompanies the noun in plural. Some words already end in "s", for example, "lápis" (pensil). These words do not have a plural. Their singular form serves both purposes, like the english "sheep" ("ovelha"). When the word in question does not end in a vowel: "computador" (computer) becomes "computadores" "monitor" (computer screen) becomes "monitores" So, word ending in "-or", their plural is "-es". Nice. "Canal" (channel) becomes "canais" "Chacal" (an animal, don't remmember which) becomes "chacais" "cereais" (cerial) "cereais" Ending in "-al" becomes "-ais" "Televisão" (TV) becomes "televisões" "Pão" (bread) becomes "Pães" "cão" (dog) becomes "cães" Ending in "-ão" becomes, you guessed, "-ães". Words ending with "-m" become "-ns" "Aparelhagem" (radio, cd-player, tape recorder, all in one) becomes "aparelhagens" Don't worry if one of your plurals is mis-formed.... sometimes even portuguese people get them wrong! Really! Ouch! My fingers are starting to hurt! :P I'll be back, ok?! EDIT: corrected "cinquanta" to "cinquenta" (ups). Thank you Anabela (if that was your name... :P).
	remy	Saturday 23rd of July 2005 03:43:27 PM
	- boy talk about hurting i can see stars hehe :D too much portuguese is making my brains go around in circle :p but i got the idea of how to use " i am" and i just learnt the numbers 1-10 cos i can't seem to remember then when i start with 11-20 :p hehe waiting for more ;)obrigada! cheers, reem
	gzimize	Thursday 18th of August 2005 07:51:13 AM
	numbers - some numbers in brazilian portuguese are different (go the diferences): 16 - dezesseis 17 - dezessete 19 - dezenove 50 - cinqüenta 1.000.000.000 - um bilhão 1.000.000.000.000 - um trilhão
	RisingSun	Friday 19th of August 2005 12:37:41 AM
	- obrigada but The numbering system is NOT wrong. Portuguese bilion is 1.000.000.000.000. Don't ask why. Why??? and when do u use tu instead of voce?
	gzimize	Friday 19th of August 2005 04:46:40 AM
	- oi! arkangath speaks the standard portuguese (spoken in Portugal) and i speak the brazilian portuguese (spoken in Brazil, of course) in Portugal, the number 1.000.000.000.000 is "bilião" as arkangath said, but in Brazil this number is said "um trilhão". i don't know why this difference exists, but it does até mais!
	delia	Wednesday 24th of August 2005 02:45:45 AM
	- muito obrigada tambem,pedro! im looking forward to the next lesson
	RagingPineapples	Monday 29th of August 2005 08:16:50 PM
	- As palavras ingles: Complemento Directo = The (Direct) Object For putting the adjective at the end, a teacher of mine explained it very well with French. She said that in England, we keep people in suspense. I could tell you I have 'an ugly, vicious, nasty, spiteful, evil, malevolent, hungry, yellow, shiny, monstrous...' and you still have no idea what I'm talking about. I'm keeping you in suspense. We use it in humour quite a bit by building up adjectives and then ending with an object that doesn't fit the adjectives. Like a vicious, spiteful, evil, hungry, deadly, nasty poodle. You can't do this in portuguese. In portuguese it would be 'a poodle vicious, spiteful, evil, hungry,... etc'. I like to imagine I'm doing an impression of Hercule Poirot. He's well known for phrases like "It was a crime most horrible" or "you are a woman devious and self-centered" where we would normally say "a most horrible crime" or "a devious and self-centered woman". Artigo Definido = The Definite Article. In English this is just 'The' There's also the Indefinite Article, which is 'a' EDIT: Removed stuff about direct and indirect objects, because as I suspected, it was wrong:p. The rest is okay. :)