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Background: Angola is slowly rebuilding its country after the end of a 27-year civil war in 2002. Fighting between the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas SAVIMBI, followed independence from Portugal in 1975. Peace seemed imminent in 1992 when Angola held national elections, but UNITA renewed fighting after being beaten by the MPLA at the polls. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost - and 4 million people displaced - in the quarter century of fighting. SAVIMBI's death in 2002 ended UNITA's insurgency and strengthened the MPLA's hold on power. DOS SANTOS has pledged to hold legislative elections in 2006.
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Common Name: Angola
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Local Official Name: Angola
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Abbreviated Name: Republic of Angola
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Official Name: Republica de Angola
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Official Script Name: Angola
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Local Common Name: Angola
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Former Name: People's Republic of Angola
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Territory of: NA
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Head of State: President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS
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Government Type: Republic, nominally a multiparty democracy with a strong presidential system
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Independence: 1975 November 11 (from Portugal)
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Constitution: 1975 November 11; revised 7 January 1978, 11 August 1980, 6 March 1991, and 26 August 1992; note - a new constitution will likely be passed following the next legislative election.
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National Holiday: 1975 November 11 (Independence Day)
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International Organization Participation: ACP, AfDB, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
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Administrative Divisions: 18 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cuando Cubango, Cuanza Norte, Cuanza Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire.
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Dependent Areas: NA
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Legal System: Based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law; recently modified to accommodate political pluralism and increased use of free markets.
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Suffrage: 18 years
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Executive, Legislative and Judicial Branches: "EXECUTIVE BRANCH" :
Chief of state: President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government.
Head of government: President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; Fernando de Piedade Dias DOS SANTOS was appointed Prime Minister on 6 December 2002.
Cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president.
Elections: president elected by universal ballot for a five-year term under the 1992 constitution; President DOS SANTOS originally elected (in 1979) without opposition under a one-party system and stood for reelection in Angola's first multiparty elections 29-30 September 1992 (next to be held September 2006 or 2007).
Election results: Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS 49.6%, Jonas SAVIMBI 40.1%, making a run-off election necessary; the run-off was not held and SAVIMBI's National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) repudiated the results of the first election; the civil war resumed leaving DOS SANTOS in his current position as the president.
"LEGISLATIVE BRANCH" :
Unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats; members elected by proportional vote to serve four-year terms).
Elections: last held 29-30 September 1992 (next to be held September 2006).
Election results: percent of vote by party - MPLA 54%, UNITA 34%, other 12%; seats by party - MPLA 129, UNITA 70, PRS 6, FNLA 5, PLD 3, other 7
"JUDICIAL BRANCH" :
Supreme Court or Tribunal da Relacao (judges are appointed by the president).
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Party Leaders: Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Analia de Victoria PEREIRA]; National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA [disputed leadership: Lucas NGONDA, Holden ROBERTO]; National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA [Jonas SAVIMBI], largest opposition party has engaged in years of armed resistance; Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA [Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS], ruling party in power since 1975; Social Renewal Party or PRS [disputed leadership: Eduardo KUANGANA, Antonio MUACHICUNGO]; UNITA-Renovada [Eugenio NGOLO "Manuvakola"].
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International Disputes: Many Cabinda exclave secessionists have sought shelter in neighboring states.
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Illicit Drugs: Used as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for Western Europe and other African states.
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Location of Angola: Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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Continent: Africa
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Land Area Total: 1,246,700 sq km
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Region: Southern African |
Land Area Land: 1,246,700 sq km
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Capitol City: Luanda
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Land Area Water: 0 sq km
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Current: CET (UTC+1)
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Latitude: 012 30 S
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Border Boundary Land: 5,198 km
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Longitude: 018 30 E
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Border Boundary Coastline: 1,600 km
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Arable Land: 2.65 %
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Pastures: 0.00 %
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Crops: 0.23 %
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Woodlands and Forests: 97.12
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Highest Elevation: 2,620 m
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Location: Morro de Moco
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Lowest Elevation: 0 m
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Location: Atlantic Ocean
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Largest City in Angola: Luanda
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Luanda Largest City Population: 13,625,000
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Threatened Species: 71
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Environmental Issues: Overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion attributable to population pressures; desertification; deforestation of tropical rain forest, in response to both international demand for tropical timber and to domestic use as fuel, resulting in loss of biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of potable water.
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Environmental Agreements: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
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Irrigated Land: 800
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Bordering Countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,511 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province), Republic of the Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zambia 1,110 km.
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Natural Resources: petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium.
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Geographical Terrain: Narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau.
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Comparative Area of Angola: Slightly less than twice the size of Texas.
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Angola's Geography: The province of Cabinda is an exclave, separated from the rest of the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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Click Here for detailed information about the weather conditions in Angola.
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General Climate: Semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April).
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Natural Hazards: Locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau.
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Economic Overview: Angola's high growth rate is driven by its oil sector, with record oil prices and rising petroleum production. Oil production and its supporting activities contribute about half of GDP and 90% of exports. Increased oil production supported 12% growth in 2004 and 19% growth in 2005. A postwar reconstruction boom and resettlement of displaced persons has led to high rates of growth in construction and agriculture as well. Much of the country's infrastructure is still damaged or undeveloped from the 27-year-long civil war. Remnants of the conflict such as widespread land mines still mar the countryside even though an apparently durable peace was established after the death of rebel leader Jonas SAVIMBI in February 2002. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for half of the population, but half of the country's food must still be imported. In 2005, the government started using a $2 billion line of credit from China to rebuild Angola's public infrastructure, and several large-scale projects are scheduled for completion by 2006. The central bank in 2003 implemented an exchange rate stabilization program using foreign exchange reserves to buy kwanzas out of circulation, a policy that was more sustainable in 2005 because of strong oil export earnings, and has significantly reduced inflation. Consumer inflation declined from 325% in 2000 to about 18% in 2005, but the stabilization policy places pressure on international net liquidity. To fully take advantage of its rich national resources - gold, diamonds, extensive forests, Atlantic fisheries, and large oil deposits - Angola will need to continue reforming government policies and to reduce corruption. The government has made sufficient progress on reforms recommended by the IMF such as promoting greater transparency in government spending but continues to be without a formal monitoring agreement with the institution.
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GDP: $45,930,000,000 USD
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Currency: kwanza
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GDP per Capita: $3,200 USD
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Currency Code: AOA
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GDP Growth Rate: 19.10 %
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One $USD Equals: %fincurrencyequals% AOA
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Currency Exchange Rate History: kwanza per US dollar - 88.6 (2005), 83.541 (2004), 74.606 (2003), 43.53 (2002), 22.058 (2001)
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GDP of Agriculture: 9.60 %
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GDP of Industry: 65.80 %
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GDP of Services: 24.60 % |
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Inflation Rate: 23.00 % |
Population in Poverty: 70.00 %
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Unemployment Rate: 50.00 %
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Tourism: 45,000.00 visitors each year
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Consumption by lowest 10%: 0.00 %
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Budget Revenue in USD: $8,500,000,000 USD
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Consumption by upper 10%: 0.00 %
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Budget Expenditures in USD: $10,000,000,000 USD
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Electricity Production: 2,240,000,000 kWh
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Electricity Exports: 0 kWh
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Electricity Consumption: 1,900,000,000 kWh
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Electricity Imports: 0 kWh
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Electricity Production by Source:
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Fossil Fuel Electricity Production: 40.34%
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Nuclear Electricity Production: 0.00%
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Hydro Electricity Production: 59.66%
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Other Electricity Production: 0.00%
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Oil Production: 1,600,000 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Production: 720,000,000 cu m
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Oil Consumption: 46,000 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Consumption: 720,000,000 cu m
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Oil Exports: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Exports: 0 cu m
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Oil Imports: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Imports: 0 cu m
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Proven Oil Reserves: 25,000,000,000 barrels
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Proven Natural Gas Reserves: 45,870,000,000 cu m
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External Debt: $9,401,000,000 USD |
Received in economic aid: $383,500,000 USD
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Donated in economic aid: $0 USD
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Agricultural Products: bananas, sugarcane, coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, manioc (tapioca), tobacco, vegetables, plantains; livestock; forest products; fish
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Primary Industries: petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing, brewing, tobacco products, sugar; textiles; ship repair
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Industrial Growth Rate: 13.50 %
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Import Amount in USD: $8,165,000,000 USD - machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare parts; medicines, food, textiles, military goods
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Import Partners: South Korea 27.5%, Portugal 12.6%, US 11.8%, South Africa 7.2%, Brazil 5.4%, France 4.9%, China 4.7%
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Export Amount in USD: $26,800,000,000 USD - crude oil, diamonds, refined petroleum products, gas, coffee, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton
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Export Partners: US 37.7%, China 35.6%, Taiwan 6.7%, France 6.4%
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GINI Index: 0.00%
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Labor Force Number of People: 5,580,000
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Labor Force by Occupations: Agriculture: 85%, Industry and Services: 15%
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Radio Broadcast Stations: 34 |
Number of People with Radios: 815,000 |
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Television Broadcast Stations: 6 |
Number of People with Televisions: 196,000 |
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Number of People with Mainline Telephones: 94,300 |
Number of People with Mobile Phones: 1,094,100 |
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Internet Service Providers: 1 |
Internet Users: 172,000 |
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Internet Country Code: .ao |
Newspapers: 11 |
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Two Letter Country Code: AO |
Weights and Measures: metric |
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Phone Country Code: 244 |
Electricity Voltage: 220 Volts |
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Telephone Systems: "General assessment" : telephone service limited mostly to government and business use; HF radiotelephone used extensively for military links.
"Domestic" : limited system of wire, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter.
"International" : country code - 244; satellite earth stations - 29; fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia.
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Highways: 5,349 km |
Railways: 2,761 km
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Gas And Oil Pipelines: 1,151 km |
Waterways: 1,300 km
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Airports: 31 |
Heliports: 0
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Motor Vehicles: 5 per 1,000 people |
CO2 Emissions: 5,163,000 Metric Tons of CO2 per year |
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Per capita CO2 emissions: 4.20 Metric Tons of CO2 per year |
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Merchant Marines: Total: 4 ships (1000 GRT or over) 4,343 GRT/4,643 DWT
by type: cargo 1, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 1
registered in other countries: 5 (The Bahamas 5)
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Ports and Harbors: Cabinda, Luanda, Soyo
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Population: 12,127,071 people type - nationality |
Birth Rate: 45.11 births per 1,000 people |
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Population Density: 10.00 people per sq km |
Death Rate: 24.20 deaths per 1,000 people |
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Population Growth: 2.45% per year |
Fertility Rate per Women: 6.35 babies born per woman |
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Population Male 0-14: 2,678,185 |
Population Female 0-14: 2,625,933 |
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Population Male 15-64: 3,291,954 |
Population Female 15-64: 3,195,688 |
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Population Male 65+: 148,944 |
Population Female 65+: 186,367 |
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Population 0-14: 43.70% |
Literacy Rate: 66.80% |
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Population 15-64: 53.50% |
Literacy rate of Males: 82.10% |
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Population 65+: 2.80% |
Literacy rate of Females: 53.80% |
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Population that is Male: 51.00
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Population that is Female: 49.00% |
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Life expectancy at birth in years: 38.62 years |
Infant mortality rate - baby deaths per 1000 births: 185.36 Babies die per 1,000 births |
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Life expectancy at birth for Males: 37.47 years |
Life expectancy at birth for Females: 39.83 years |
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Rate of AIDS/HIV infection: 3.90%
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Number of people living with AIDS or HIV: 240,000
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Number of people who died of AIDS: 21,000 |
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Disease Risk: Very high
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Diseases: "Food or Waterborne Diseases" : Bacterial and Protozoal Diarrhea, Hepatitis A, Typhoid fever
"Vectorborne Diseases" : Malaria, African Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) are high risks in some locations
"Respiratory Disease" : Meningococcal Meningitis
"Water Contact Disease" : Schistosomiasis
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Net Migration Rate per 1,000 people: 3.55
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Nationality: ANGOLAN
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Ethnic Groups: Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed European and Native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22%
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Primary Language: Portuguese
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Other Languages: Bantu and other African languages
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Primary Religion: Indigenous beliefs
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Other Religions: Indigenous beliefs 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant 15%
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Branches: Army, Navy (Marinha de Guerra, MdG), Air and Air Defense Forces (FANA)
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Manpower Fit to Serve: 17 years
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Manpower Available: 5,011,056 People
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Manpower Fit to Serve: 2,538,585 People
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Amount of Manpower Available each Year: 250,280 People per year
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Expenditures: $2,000,000,000 USD per year
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Expenditures as a Percentage of GDP: 8.80
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Note: Phrasebase uses a variety of sources when compiling the facts and information presented above. This information is continually updated throughout the year.
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Angola Spa and Resort Directory
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