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Background: The Siboney were the first to inhabit the islands of Antigua and Barbuda in 2400 B.C., but Arawak Indians populated the islands when Columbus landed on his second voyage in 1493. Early settlements by the Spanish and French were succeeded by the English who formed a colony in 1667. Slavery, established to run the sugar plantations on Antigua, was abolished in 1834. The islands became an independent state within the British Commonwealth of Nations in 1981.
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Common Name: Antigua And Barbuda
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Local Official Name: Antigua and Barbuda
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Abbreviated Name: Antigua and Barbuda
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Official Name: Antigua and Barbuda
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Official Script Name: Antigua and Barbuda
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Local Common Name: Antigua and Barbuda
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Former Name: Antigua and Barbuda
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Territory of: NA
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Head of State: Queen ELIZABETH II
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Government Type: constitutional parliamentary democracy
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Independence: 1981 November 1 (from UK)
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Constitution: 1981 November 1
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National Holiday: Independence Day (National Day), 1 November
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International Organization Participation: ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
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Administrative Divisions: 6 parishes and 2 dependencies*; Barbuda*, Redonda*, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mary, Saint Paul, Saint Peter, Saint Philip
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Dependent Areas: NA
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Legal System: based on English common law
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Suffrage: 18 years
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Executive, Legislative and Judicial Branches: Executive Branch:
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir James B. CARLISLE (since 10 June 1993)
head of government: Prime Minister Winston Baldwin SPENCER (since 24 March 2004)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister
elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general chosen by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general
Legislative Branch:
bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (17-member body appointed by the governor general) and the House of Representatives (17 seats; members are elected by proportional representation to serve five-year terms)
elections: House of Representatives - last held 23 March 2004 (next to be held in 2009)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ALP 4, UPP 13
Judicial Branch:
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the Court of Summary Jurisdiction); member Caribbean Court of Justice
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Party Leaders: Antigua Labor Party or ALP [Lester Bryant BIRD]; Barbuda People's Movement or BPM [Thomas H. FRANK]; National Democratic Congress [Tillman THOMAS]; United Progressive Party or UPP [Baldwin SPENCER] (a coalition of three opposition parties - Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement or ACLM, Progressive Labor Movement or PLM, United National Democratic Party or UNDP)
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International Disputes: NA
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Illicit Drugs: considered a minor transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe; more significant as an offshore financial center
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Location of Antigua And Barbuda: Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east-southeast of Puerto Rico
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Continent: North America
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Land Area Total: 442 sq km
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Region: Caribbean |
Land Area Land: 442 sq km
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Capitol City: Saint John's
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Land Area Water: 0 sq km
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Latitude: 017 03 N
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Border Boundary Land: 0 km
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Longitude: 061 48 W
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Border Boundary Coastline: 153 km
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Arable Land: 18.18 %
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Pastures: 0.00 %
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Crops: 4.55 %
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Woodlands and Forests: 0.00
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Highest Elevation: 402 m
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Location: Boggy Peak
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Lowest Elevation: 0 m
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Location: Caribbean Sea
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Largest City in Antigua And Barbuda: Saint John's
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Saint John's Largest City Population: 25,000
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Threatened Species: 21
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Environmental Issues: water management - a major concern because of limited natural fresh water resources - is further hampered by the clearing of trees to increase crop production, causing rainfall to run off quickly
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Environmental Agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
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Irrigated Land: 0
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Bordering Countries: NA
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Natural Resources: NEGL; pleasant climate fosters tourism
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Geographical Terrain: mostly low-lying limestone and coral islands, with some higher volcanic areas
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Comparative Area of Antigua And Barbuda: 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
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Antigua And Barbuda's Geography: Antigua has a deeply indented shoreline with many natural harbors and beaches; Barbuda has a very large western harbor
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General Climate: tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation
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Natural Hazards: hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October); periodic droughts
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Economic Overview: Tourism continues to dominate the economy, accounting for more than half of GDP. Weak tourist arrival numbers since early 2000 have slowed the economy, however, and pressed the government into a tight fiscal corner. The dual-island nation's agricultural production is focused on the domestic market and constrained by a limited water supply and a labor shortage stemming from the lure of higher wages in tourism and construction. Manufacturing comprises enclave-type assembly for export with major products being bedding, handicrafts, and electronic components. Prospects for economic growth in the medium term will continue to depend on income growth in the industrialized world, especially in the US, which accounts for slightly more than one-third of tourist arrivals.
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GDP: $750 USD
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Currency: East Caribbean dollar
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GDP per Capita: $10,900 USD
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Currency Code: XCD
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GDP Growth Rate: 3.80 %
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Currency Exchange Rate History: East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7 (2005), 2.7 (2004), 2.7 (2003), 2.7 (2002), 2.7 (2001)
note: fixed rate since 1976
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GDP of Agriculture: 3.80 %
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GDP of Industry: 22.00 %
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GDP of Services: 74.30 % |
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Inflation Rate: 0.90 % |
Population in Poverty: 0.00 %
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Unemployment Rate: 11.00 %
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Tourism: 232,000.00 visitors each year
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Consumption by lowest 10%: 0.00 %
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Budget Revenue in USD: $123,700,000 USD
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Consumption by upper 10%: 0.00 %
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Budget Expenditures in USD: $145,900,000 USD
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Electricity Production: 100,000,000 kWh
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Electricity Exports: 0 kWh
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Electricity Consumption: 93,000,000 kWh
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Electricity Imports: 0 kWh
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Electricity Production by Source:
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Fossil Fuel Electricity Production: 100.00%
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Nuclear Electricity Production: 0.00%
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Hydro Electricity Production: 0.00%
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Other Electricity Production: 0.00%
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Oil Production: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Production: 0 cu m
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Oil Consumption: 3,600 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Consumption: 0 cu m
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Oil Exports: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Exports: 0 cu m
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Oil Imports: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Imports: 0 cu m
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Proven Oil Reserves: 0 barrels
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Proven Natural Gas Reserves: 0 cu m
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External Debt: $427,300,000 USD |
Received in economic aid: $1,650,000 USD
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Donated in economic aid: $0 USD
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Agricultural Products: cotton, fruits, vegetables, bananas, coconuts, cucumbers, mangoes, sugarcane; livestock
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Primary Industries: tourism, construction, light manufacturing (clothing, alcohol, household appliances)
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Industrial Growth Rate: 6.00 %
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Import Amount in USD: $378,000,000 USD - food and live animals, machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, chemicals, oil
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Import Partners: US 21.1%, China 16.4%, Germany 13.3%, Singapore 12.7%, Spain 6.5%
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Export Amount in USD: $46,810,000 USD - petroleum products 48%, manufactures 23%, machinery and transport equipment 17%, food and live animals 4%, other 8%
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Export Partners: Spain 34%, Germany 20.7%, Italy 7.7%, Singapore 5.8%, UK 4.9%
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GINI Index: 0.00%
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Labor Force Number of People: 30,000
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Labor Force by Occupations: commerce and services 82%, agriculture 11%, industry 7%
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Radio Broadcast Stations: 6 |
Number of People with Radios: 36,000 |
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Television Broadcast Stations: 2 |
Number of People with Televisions: 31,000 |
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Number of People with Mainline Telephones: 38,000 |
Number of People with Mobile Phones: 54,000 |
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Internet Service Providers: 2,231 |
Internet Users: 20,000 |
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Internet Country Code: .ag |
Newspapers: 91 |
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Two Letter Country Code: AC |
Weights and Measures: |
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Phone Country Code: 268 |
Electricity Voltage: 230 Volts |
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Telephone Systems: general assessment: NA
domestic: good automatic telephone system
international: country code - 1-268; 1 coaxial submarine cable; satellite earth station - 2; tropospheric scatter to Saba (Netherlands Antilles) and Guadeloupe
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Highways: 384 km |
Railways: 77 km
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Gas And Oil Pipelines: 0 km |
Waterways: 0 km
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Airports: 2 |
Heliports: 0
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Motor Vehicles: 358 per 1,000 people |
CO2 Emissions: 337,000 Metric Tons of CO2 per year |
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Per capita CO2 emissions: 5.10 Metric Tons of CO2 per year |
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Merchant Marines: total: 1,011 ships (1000 GRT or over) 7,452,503 GRT/9,783,309 DWT
by type: bulk carrier 40, cargo 596, chemical tanker 7, container 321, liquefied gas 11, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 12, roll on/roll off 21
foreign-owned: 984 (Australia 1, Bangladesh 4, Belgium 4, Colombia 2, Denmark 14, Estonia 12, France 1, Germany 858, Iceland 8, Isle of Man 2, Latvia 5, Lebanon 1, Lithuania 3, Netherlands 14, Norway 11, NZ 1, Poland 3, Russia 6, Singapore 1, Slovenia 6, Switzerland 4, Turkey 8, UK 7, US 7, Vietnam 1)
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Ports and Harbors: Saint John's
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Population: 69,108 people type - nationality |
Birth Rate: 16.93 births per 1,000 people |
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Population Density: 166.00 people per sq km |
Death Rate: 5.37 deaths per 1,000 people |
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Population Growth: 0.55% per year |
Fertility Rate per Women: 2.24 babies born per woman |
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Population Male 0-14: 9,716 |
Population Female 0-14: 9,375 |
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Population Male 15-64: 23,801 |
Population Female 15-64: 23,524 |
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Population Male 65+: 1,020 |
Population Female 65+: 1,672 |
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Population 0-14: 27.60% |
Literacy Rate: 85.80% |
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Population 15-64: 68.50% |
Literacy rate of Males: 0.00% |
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Population 65+: 3.90% |
Literacy rate of Females: 0.00% |
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Population that is Male: 50.00
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Population that is Female: 50.00% |
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Life expectancy at birth in years: 72.16 years |
Infant mortality rate - baby deaths per 1000 births: 18.86 Babies die per 1,000 births |
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Life expectancy at birth for Males: 69.78 years |
Life expectancy at birth for Females: 74.66 years |
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Rate of AIDS/HIV infection: 0.00%
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Number of people living with AIDS or HIV: 0
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Number of people who died of AIDS: 0 |
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Disease Risk:
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Diseases:
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Net Migration Rate per 1,000 people: -6.08
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Nationality: ANTIGUAN, BARBUDAN
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Ethnic Groups: black, British, Portuguese, Lebanese, Syrian
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Primary Language: English
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Other Languages: English (official), local dialects
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Primary Religion: Anglican
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Other Religions: Christian (predominantly Anglican with other Protestant, and some Roman Catholic)
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Branches: Royal Antigua and Barbuda Defense Force
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Manpower Fit to Serve: 18 years
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Manpower Available: 37,312 People
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Manpower Fit to Serve: 29,806 People
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Amount of Manpower Available each Year: 1,001 People per year
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Expenditures: $0 USD per year
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Expenditures as a Percentage of GDP: 0.00
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Note: Phrasebase uses a variety of sources when compiling the facts and information presented above. This information is continually updated throughout the year.
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Antigua And Barbuda Spa and Resort Directory
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Antigua And Barbuda Home Exchanges and Home Swaps
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Antigua And Barbuda Vacation Rentals And Holiday Villas
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