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Background: Azerbaijan - a nation with a Turkic and majority-Muslim population - was briefly independent from 1918 to 1920; it regained its independence after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Despite a 1994 cease-fire, Azerbaijan has yet to resolve its conflict with Armenia over the Azerbaijani Nagorno-Karabakh enclave (largely Armenian populated). Azerbaijan has lost 16% of its territory and must support some 528,000 internally displaced persons as a result of the conflict. Corruption is ubiquitous, and the promise of widespread wealth from Azerbaijan's undeveloped petroleum resources remains largely unfulfilled.
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Common Name: Azerbaijan
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Local Official Name: Azarbaycan
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Abbreviated Name: Republic of Azerbaijan
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Official Name: Azarbaycan Respublikasi
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Official Script Name: Azerbaijan
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Local Common Name: Azerbaijan
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Former Name: Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic
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Territory of: NA
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Head of State: President Ilham ALIYEV
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Government Type: Republic
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Independence: 1991 August 30 (from Soviet Union)
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Constitution: 1995 November 12 (adopted)
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National Holiday: Founding of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaidzhan, 28 May
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International Organization Participation: AsDB, BSEC, CE, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO (observer)
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Administrative Divisions: 59 rayons (rayonlar; rayon - singular), 11 cities (saharlar; sahar - singular), 1 autonomous republic (muxtar respublika)
Rayons: Abseron Rayonu, Agcabadi Rayonu, Agdam Rayonu, Agdas Rayonu, Agstafa Rayonu, Agsu Rayonu, Astara Rayonu, Balakan Rayonu, Barda Rayonu, Beylaqan Rayonu, Bilasuvar Rayonu, Cabrayil Rayonu, Calilabad Rayonu, Daskasan Rayonu, Davaci Rayonu, Fuzuli Rayonu, Gadabay Rayonu, Goranboy Rayonu, Goycay Rayonu, Haciqabul Rayonu, Imisli Rayonu, Ismayilli Rayonu, Kalbacar Rayonu, Kurdamir Rayonu, Lacin Rayonu, Lankaran Rayonu, Lerik Rayonu, Masalli Rayonu, Neftcala Rayonu, Oguz Rayonu, Qabala Rayonu, Qax Rayonu, Qazax Rayonu, Qobustan Rayonu, Quba Rayonu, Qubadli Rayonu, Qusar Rayonu, Saatli Rayonu, Sabirabad Rayonu, Saki Rayonu, Salyan Rayonu, Samaxi Rayonu, Samkir Rayonu, Samux Rayonu, Siyazan Rayonu, Susa Rayonu, Tartar Rayonu, Tovuz Rayonu, Ucar Rayonu, Xacmaz Rayonu, Xanlar Rayonu, Xizi Rayonu, Xocali Rayonu, Xocavand Rayonu, Yardimli Rayonu, Yevlax Rayonu, Zangilan Rayonu, Zaqatala Rayonu, Zardab Rayonu
Cities: Ali Bayramli Sahari, Baki Sahari, Ganca Sahari, Lankaran Sahari, Mingacevir Sahari, Naftalan Sahari, Saki Sahari, Sumqayit Sahari, Susa Sahari, Xankandi Sahari, Yevlax Sahari
autonomous republic: Naxcivan Muxtar Respublikasi
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Dependent Areas: NA
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Legal System: based on civil law system
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Suffrage: 18 years of age years
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Executive, Legislative and Judicial Branches: Executive Branch:
Chief of state: President Ilham ALIYEV (since 31 October 2003)
head of government: Prime Minister Artur RASIZADE (since 4 November 2003); First Deputy Prime Minister Abbas ABBASOV (since 10 November 2003)
Cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly
Elections: president elected by popular vote to a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 15 October 2003 (next to be held October 2008); prime minister and first deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly
Election results: Ilham ALIYEV elected president; percent of vote - Ilham ALIYEV 76.8%, Isa GAMBAR 14%
Legislative Branch:
unicameral National Assembly or Milli Mejlis (125 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
Elections: last held 6 November 2005 (next to be held in November 2010)
Election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Yeni 58, Azadliq coalition 8, CSP 2, YES 2, Motherland 2, other parties with single seats 7, independents 42, undetermined 4
Judicial Branch:
Supreme Court
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Party Leaders: Azerbaijan Popular Front or APF [Ali KARIMLI, leader of "Reform" faction; Mirmahmud MIRALI-OGLU, leader of "Classic" faction]; Civic Solidarity Party or CSP [Sabir RUSTAMKHANLY]; Civic Union Party [Ayaz MUTALIBOV]; Communist Party of Azerbaijan or CPA [Ramiz AHMADOV]; Compatriot Party [Mais SAFARLI]; Democratic Party for Azerbaijan or DPA [Rasul QULIYEV, chairman]; Justice Party [Ilyas ISMAILOV]; Liberal Party of Azerbaijan [Lala Shovkat HACIYEVA]; Motherland Party; Musavat [Isa GAMBAR, chairman]; Yeni Azerbaijan Party; Party for National Independence of Azerbaijan or PNIA [Etibar MAMMADLI, chairman]; Social Democratic Party of Azerbaijan or SDP [Araz ALIZADE and Ayaz MUTALIBOV]
Note: opposition parties regularly factionalize and form new parties
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International Disputes: Armenia supports ethnic Armenian secessionists in Nagorno-Karabakh and since the early 1990s has militarily occupied 16% of Azerbaijan; over 800,000 mostly ethnic Azerbaijanis were driven from the occupied lands and Armenia; about 230,000 ethnic Armenians were driven from their homes in Azerbaijan into Armenia; Azerbaijan seeks transit route through Armenia to connect to Naxcivan exclave; Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) continues to mediate dispute; Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia ratify Caspian seabed delimitation treaties based on equidistance, while Iran continues to insist on an even one-fifth allocation and challenges Azerbaijan's hydrocarbon exploration in disputed waters; bilateral talks continue with Turkmenistan on dividing the seabed and contested oilfields in the middle of the Caspian; Azerbaijan and Georgia continue to discuss the alignment of their boundary at certain crossing areas.
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Illicit Drugs: Limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for CIS consumption; small government eradication program; transit point for Southwest Asian opiates bound for Russia and to a lesser extent the rest of Europe.
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Location of Azerbaijan: Southwestern Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Russia, with a small European portion north of the Caucasus range
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Continent: Asia
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Land Area Total: 86,600 sq km
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Region: Western Asia |
Land Area Land: 86,100 sq km
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Capitol City: Baku
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Land Area Water: 500 sq km
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Current: +4
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Latitude: 040 30 N
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Border Boundary Land: 2,013 km
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Longitude: 047 30 E
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Border Boundary Coastline: 0 km
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Arable Land: 20.62 %
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Pastures: 0.00 %
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Crops: 2.61 %
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Woodlands and Forests: 0.00
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Highest Elevation: 4,485 m
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Location: Bazarduzu Dagi
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Lowest Elevation: -28 m
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Location: Caspian Sea
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Largest City in Azerbaijan: Baku
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Baku Largest City Population: 1,918,000
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Threatened Species: 37
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Environmental Issues: Local scientists consider the Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) (including Baku and Sumqayit) and the Caspian Sea to be the ecologically most devastated area in the world because of severe air, water, and soil pollution; soil pollution results from the use of DDT as a pesticide and also from toxic defoliants used in the production of cotton.
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Environmental Agreements: Party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
Signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
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Irrigated Land: 14,550
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Bordering Countries: Armenia (with Azerbaijan-proper) 566 km, Armenia (with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave) 221 km, Georgia 322 km, Iran (with Azerbaijan-proper) 432 km, Iran (with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave) 179 km, Russia 284 km, Turkey 9 km
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Natural Resources: petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, nonferrous metals, alumina
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Geographical Terrain: large, flat Kur-Araz Ovaligi (Kura-Araks Lowland) (much of it below sea level) with Great Caucasus Mountains to the north, Qarabag Yaylasi (Karabakh Upland) in west; Baku lies on Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) that juts into Caspian Sea
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Comparative Area of Azerbaijan: slightly smaller than Maine
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Azerbaijan's Geography: both the main area of the country and the Naxcivan exclave are landlocked
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Click Here for detailed information about the weather conditions in Azerbaijan.
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General Climate: dry, semiarid steppe
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Natural Hazards: droughts
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Economic Overview: Azerbaijan's number one export is oil. Azerbaijan's oil production declined through 1997, but has registered an increase every year since. Negotiation of production-sharing arrangements (PSAs) with foreign firms, which have thus far committed $60 billion to long-term oilfield development, should generate the funds needed to spur future industrial development. Oil production under the first of these PSAs, with the Azerbaijan International Operating Company, began in November 1997. A consortium of Western oil companies is scheduled to begin pumping 1 million barrels a day from a large offshore field in early 2006, through a $4 billion pipeline it built from Baku to Turkey's Mediterranean port of Ceyhan. Economists estimate that by 2010 revenues from this project will double the country's current GDP. Azerbaijan shares all the formidable problems of the former Soviet republics in making the transition from a command to a market economy, but its considerable energy resources brighten its long-term prospects. Baku has only recently begun making progress on economic reform, and old economic ties and structures are slowly being replaced. Several other obstacles impede Azerbaijan's economic progress: the need for stepped up foreign investment in the non-energy sector, the continuing conflict with Armenia over the Nagorno-Karabakh region, and the pervasive corruption. Trade with Russia and the other former Soviet republics is declining in importance while trade is building with Turkey and the nations of Europe. Long-term prospects will depend on world oil prices, the location of new pipelines in the region, and Azerbaijan's ability to manage its oil wealth.
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GDP: $37,920,000,000 USD
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Currency: Azerbaijani manat
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GDP per Capita: $4,800 USD
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Currency Code: AZM
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GDP Growth Rate: 26.40 %
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One $USD Equals: %fincurrencyequals% AZM
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Currency Exchange Rate History: Azerbaijani manats per US dollar - 4,727.1 (2005), 4,913.48 (2004), 4,910.73 (2003), 4,860.82 (2002), 4,656.58 (2001)
Note: on 1 January 2006 Azerbaijan revalued its currency, with 5,000 old manats equal to 1 new manat
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GDP of Agriculture: 14.10 %
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GDP of Industry: 45.70 %
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GDP of Services: 40.20 % |
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Inflation Rate: 9.60 % |
Population in Poverty: 49.00 %
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Unemployment Rate: 1.10 %
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Tourism: 602,000.00 visitors each year
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Consumption by lowest 10%: 2.80 %
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Budget Revenue in USD: $3,180,000,000 USD
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Consumption by upper 10%: 27.80 %
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Budget Expenditures in USD: $2,986,000,000 USD
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Electricity Production: 20,000,000,000 kWh
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Electricity Exports: 700,000,000 kWh
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Electricity Consumption: 20,250,000,000 kWh
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Electricity Imports: 2,350,000,000 kWh
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Electricity Production by Source:
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Fossil Fuel Electricity Production: 91.37%
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Nuclear Electricity Production: 0.00%
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Hydro Electricity Production: 8.63%
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Other Electricity Production: 0.00%
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Oil Production: 477,000 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Production: 5,130,000,000 cu m
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Oil Consumption: 123,000 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Consumption: 9,200,000,000 cu m
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Oil Exports: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Exports: 0 cu m
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Oil Imports: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Imports: 1,000,000,000 cu m
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Proven Oil Reserves: 589,000,000 barrels
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Proven Natural Gas Reserves: 849,500,000,000 cu m
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External Debt: $1,873,000,000 USD |
Received in economic aid: $140,000,000 USD
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Donated in economic aid: $0 USD
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Agricultural Products: cotton, grain, rice, grapes, fruit, vegetables, tea, tobacco; cattle, pigs, sheep, goats
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Primary Industries: petroleum and natural gas, petroleum products, oilfield equipment; steel, iron ore, cement; chemicals and petrochemicals; textiles
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Industrial Growth Rate: 40.00 %
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Import Amount in USD: $4,656,000,000 USD - machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, metals, chemicals
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Import Partners: Russia 18.9%, Germany 12.1%, UK 8.5%, Turkey 7.4%, Ukraine 6.4%, Netherlands 5.3%, China 5.2%, France 4.1%
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Export Amount in USD: $6,117,000,000 USD - oil and gas 90%, machinery, cotton, foodstuffs
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Export Partners: Italy 29.1%, Czech Republic 14.3%, France 12%, Germany 9.5%, Russia 5%, Romania 4.5%,
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GINI Index: 36.50%
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Labor Force Number of People: 5,450,000
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Labor Force by Occupations: agriculture and forestry 41%, industry 7%, services 52%
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Radio Broadcast Stations: 28 |
Number of People with Radios: 175,000 |
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Television Broadcast Stations: 2 |
Number of People with Televisions: 170,000 |
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Number of People with Mainline Telephones: 1,091,400 |
Number of People with Mobile Phones: 1,456,500 |
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Internet Service Providers: 460 |
Internet Users: 408,000 |
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Internet Country Code: .az |
Newspapers: 27 |
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Two Letter Country Code: AJ |
Weights and Measures: |
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Phone Country Code: +994 |
Electricity Voltage: Volts |
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Telephone Systems: General assessment: inadequate; requires considerable expansion and modernization; teledensity of 10 main lines per 100 persons is low
Domestic: the majority of telephones are in Baku and other industrial centers - about 700 villages still without public telephone service; satellite service connects Baku to a modern switch in its exclave of Naxcivan
International: country code - 994; the old Soviet system of cable and microwave is still serviceable; satellite earth stations - 2
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Highways: 12,698 km |
Railways: 2,957 km
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Gas And Oil Pipelines: 5,969 km |
Waterways: 0 km
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Airports: 27 |
Heliports: 1
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Motor Vehicles: 56 per 1,000 people |
CO2 Emissions: 31,852,000 Metric Tons of CO2 per year |
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Per capita CO2 emissions: 4.20 Metric Tons of CO2 per year |
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Merchant Marines: total: 84 ships (1000 GRT or over) 405,395 GRT/436,666 DWT
by type: cargo 26, passenger 2, passenger/cargo 8, petroleum tanker 43, roll on/roll off 2, specialized tanker 3
registered in other countries: 4 (Georgia 2, Malta 2)
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Ports and Harbors: Baku (Baki)
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Population: 7,961,619 people type - nationality |
Birth Rate: 20.74 births per 1,000 people |
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Population Density: 97.00 people per sq km |
Death Rate: 9.75 deaths per 1,000 people |
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Population Growth: 0.66% per year |
Fertility Rate per Women: 2.46 babies born per woman |
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Population Male 0-14: 1,046,501 |
Population Female 0-14: 1,011,492 |
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Population Male 15-64: 2,573,134 |
Population Female 15-64: 2,706,275 |
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Population Male 65+: 246,556 |
Population Female 65+: 377,661 |
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Population 0-14: 25.80% |
Literacy Rate: 98.80% |
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Population 15-64: 66.30% |
Literacy rate of Males: 99.50% |
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Population 65+: 7.80% |
Literacy rate of Females: 98.20% |
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Population that is Male: 52.50
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Population that is Female: 47.50% |
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Life expectancy at birth in years: 63.85 years |
Infant mortality rate - baby deaths per 1000 births: 79.00 Babies die per 1,000 births |
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Life expectancy at birth for Males: 59.78 years |
Life expectancy at birth for Females: 68.13 years |
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Rate of AIDS/HIV infection: 0.10%
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Number of people living with AIDS or HIV: 1,400
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Number of people who died of AIDS: 0 |
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Disease Risk:
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Diseases:
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Net Migration Rate per 1,000 people: -4.38
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Nationality: AZERBAIJANI, AZERI
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Ethnic Groups: Azeri 90.6%, Dagestani 2.2%, Russian 1.8%, Armenian 1.5%, other 3.9%
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Primary Language: Azerbaijani
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Other Languages: Russian 3%, Armenian 2%, other 6%
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Primary Religion: Muslim
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Other Religions: Russian Orthodox 2.5%, Armenian Orthodox 2.3%, other 1.8%
Note: Religious affiliation is still nominal in Azerbaijan; percentages for actual practicing adherents are much lower.
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Branches: Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces
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Manpower Fit to Serve: 18 years
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Manpower Available: 3,995,159 People
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Manpower Fit to Serve: 2,991,363 People
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Amount of Manpower Available each Year: 160,425 People per year
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Expenditures: $121,000,000 USD per year
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Expenditures as a Percentage of GDP: 2.60
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Note: Phrasebase uses a variety of sources when compiling the facts and information presented above. This information is continually updated throughout the year.
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