|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Background: Chad, part of France's African holdings until 1960, endured three decades of civil warfare as well as invasions by Libya before a semblance of peace was finally restored in 1990. The government eventually drafted a democratic constitution, and held flawed presidential elections in 1996 and 2001. In 1998, a rebellion broke out in northern Chad, which sporadically flares up despite several peace agreements between the government and the rebels. In 2005 new rebel groups emerged in western Sudan and have made probing attacks into eastern Chad. Power remains in the hands of an ethnic minority. In June 2005, President Idriss DEBY held a referendum successfully removing constitutional term limits.
|
|
|
|
Common Name: Chad
|
Local Official Name: Tchad
|
|
Abbreviated Name: Republic of Chad
|
Official Name: Republique du Tchad
|
|
Official Script Name: Chad
|
Local Common Name: Chad
|
|
Former Name: Chad
|
Territory of: NA
|
|
|
Head of State: President Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY
|
Government Type: republic
|
Independence: 1960 August 11 (from France)
|
Constitution: passed by referendum 1996 March 31 (a 2005 June referendum removed constitutional term limits )
|
National Holiday: Independence Day, 11 August
|
International Organization Participation: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, ONUB, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
|
Administrative Divisions: 14 prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture); Batha, Biltine, Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti, Chari-Baguirmi, Guera, Kanem, Lac, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mayo-Kebbi, Moyen-Chari, Ouaddai, Salamat, Tandjile
note: instead of 14 prefectures, there may be a new administrative structure of 28 departments (departments, singular - department) and 1 city*; Assongha, Baguirmi, Bahr El Gazal, Bahr Koh, Batha Oriental, Batha Occidental, Biltine, Borkou, Dababa, Ennedi, Guera, Hadjer Lamis, Kabia, Kanem, Lac, Lac Iro, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mandoul, Mayo-Boneye, Mayo-Dallah, Monts de Lam, N'Djamena*, Ouaddai, Salamat, Sila, Tandjile Oriental, Tandjile Occidental, Tibesti
|
Dependent Areas: NA
|
Legal System: based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
|
Suffrage: 18 years of age years
|
Executive, Legislative and Judicial Branches: Executive Branch:
chief of state: President Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY (since 4 December 1990)
head of government: Prime Minister Pascal YOADIMNADJI (since 3 February 2005)
cabinet: Council of State, members appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
elections: president elected by popular vote to serve five-year term; if no candidate receives at least 50% of the total vote, the two candidates receiving the most votes must stand for a second round of voting; last held 20 May 2001 (next to be held 3 May 2006); prime minister appointed by the president
election results: Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY reelected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY 63%, Ngarledjy YORONGAR 16%, Saleh KEBZABO 7%
Legislative Branch:
bicameral according to constitution, consists of a National Assembly (155 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and a Senate (not yet created and size unspecified, members to serve six-year terms, one-third of membership renewable every two years)
elections: National Assembly - last held 21 April 2002 (next to be held in April 2007)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MPS 110, RDP 12, FAR 9, RNDP 5, URD 5, UNDR 3, other 11
Judicial Branch:
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Magistrate Courts
|
Party Leaders: Federation Action for the Republic or FAR [Ngarledjy YORONGAR]; National Rally for Development and Progress or RNDP [Delwa Kassire COUMAKOYE]; National Union for Democracy and Renewal or UNDR [Saleh KEBZABO]; Party for Liberty and Development or PLD [Ibni Oumar Mahamat SALEH]; Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [Mahamat Saleh AHMAT, chairman]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Lol Mahamat CHOUA]; Union for Democracy and Republic or UDR [Jean ALINGUE]; Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Gen. Wadal Abdelkader KAMOUGUE]
|
International Disputes: since the expulsions of residents from Darfur in 2003 by Janjawid armed militia and Sudanese military, about 200,000 refugees remain in eastern Chad; Chad remains an important mediator in the Sudanese civil conflict, reducing tensions with Sudan arising from cross-border banditry; Chadian Aozou rebels reside in southern Libya; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty, which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries
|
Illicit Drugs: NA
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Location of Chad: Central Africa, south of Libya
|
|
Continent: Africa
|
Land Area Total: 1,284,000 sq km
|
|
Region: Central African |
Land Area Land: 1,259,200 sq km
|
|
Capitol City: N'Djamena
|
Land Area Water: 24,800 sq km
|
|
Current: UTC+1
|
|
|
|
|
Latitude: 015 00 N
|
Border Boundary Land: 5,968 km
|
|
Longitude: 019 00 E
|
Border Boundary Coastline: 0 km
|
|
|
|
Arable Land: 2.80 %
|
Pastures: 0.00 %
|
|
Crops: 0.02 %
|
Woodlands and Forests: 0.00
|
|
|
|
Highest Elevation: 3,415 m
|
Location: Emi Koussi
|
|
Lowest Elevation: 160 m
|
Location: Djourab Depression
|
|
|
|
Largest City in Chad: N'Djamena
|
N'Djamena Largest City Population: 998,000
|
|
|
Threatened Species: 26
|
Environmental Issues: inadequate supplies of potable water; improper waste disposal in rural areas contributes to soil and water pollution; desertification
|
Environmental Agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping
|
Irrigated Land: 300
|
Bordering Countries: Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197 km, Libya 1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km
|
Natural Resources: petroleum, uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad), gold, limestone, sand and gravel, salt
|
Geographical Terrain: broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south
|
Comparative Area of Chad: slightly more than three times the size of California
|
Chad's Geography: landlocked; Lake Chad is the most significant water body in the Sahel
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Click Here for detailed information about the weather conditions in Chad.
|
General Climate: tropical in south, desert in north
|
Natural Hazards: hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Economic Overview: Chad's primarily agricultural economy will continue to be boosted by major foreign direct investment projects in the oil sector that began in 2000. Over 80% of Chad's population relies on subsistence farming and livestock raising for its livelihood. Chad's economy has long been handicapped by its landlocked position, high energy costs, and a history of instability. Chad relies on foreign assistance and foreign capital for most public and private sector investment projects. A consortium led by two US companies has been investing $3.7 billion to develop oil reserves - estimated at 1 billion barrels - in southern Chad. The nation's total oil reserves has been estimated to be 2 billion barrels. Oil production came on stream in late 2003. Chad began to export oil in 2004. Cotton, cattle, and gum arabic provide the bulk of Chad's non-oil export earnings.
|
|
|
|
GDP: $14,790,000,000 USD
|
Currency: Communaute Financiere Africaine franc
|
|
GDP per Capita: $1,500 USD
|
Currency Code: XAF
|
|
GDP Growth Rate: 6.00 %
|
One $USD Equals: %fincurrencyequals% XAF
|
|
|
Currency Exchange Rate History: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar - 527.47 (2005), 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001)
|
|
|
|
GDP of Agriculture: 23.70 %
|
GDP of Industry: 38.60 %
|
|
GDP of Services: 37.70 % |
|
|
|
|
Inflation Rate: 5.50 % |
Population in Poverty: 80.00 %
|
|
Unemployment Rate: 0.00 %
|
Tourism: 47,000.00 visitors each year
|
|
|
|
Consumption by lowest 10%: 0.00 %
|
Budget Revenue in USD: $765,200,000 USD
|
|
Consumption by upper 10%: 0.00 %
|
Budget Expenditures in USD: $653,300,000 USD
|
|
|
|
Electricity Production: 120,000,000 kWh
|
Electricity Exports: 0 kWh
|
|
Electricity Consumption: 111,600,000 kWh
|
Electricity Imports: 0 kWh
|
Electricity Production by Source:
|
|
|
Fossil Fuel Electricity Production: 100.00%
|
Nuclear Electricity Production: 0.00%
|
|
Hydro Electricity Production: 0.00%
|
Other Electricity Production: 0.00%
|
|
|
|
Oil Production: 0 barrels per day
|
Natural Gas Production: 0 cu m
|
|
Oil Consumption: 0 barrels per day
|
Natural Gas Consumption: 0 cu m
|
|
Oil Exports: 0 barrels per day
|
Natural Gas Exports: 0 cu m
|
|
Oil Imports: 0 barrels per day
|
Natural Gas Imports: 0 cu m
|
|
Proven Oil Reserves: 0 barrels
|
Proven Natural Gas Reserves: 0 cu m
|
|
|
|
External Debt: $1,500,000,000 USD |
Received in economic aid: $238,300,000 USD
|
|
|
Donated in economic aid: $0 USD
|
|
|
Agricultural Products: cotton, sorghum, millet, peanuts, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca); cattle, sheep, goats, camels
|
Primary Industries: oil, cotton textiles, meatpacking, beer brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials
|
Industrial Growth Rate: 5.00 %
|
|
|
Import Amount in USD: $749,100,000 USD - machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, foodstuffs, textiles
|
Import Partners: France 21.9%, Cameroon 16.2%, US 10.8%, Portugal 10.5%, Germany 6.4%, Belgium 4.6%
|
Export Amount in USD: $3,016,000,000 USD - cotton, cattle, gum arabic, oil
|
Export Partners: US 67.7%, China 21.5%, Portugal 4.3%
|
|
|
GINI Index: 0.00%
|
Labor Force Number of People: 0
|
Labor Force by Occupations: agriculture: 80% (subsistence farming, herding, and fishing) industry and services: 20%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Radio Broadcast Stations: 11 |
Number of People with Radios: 1,670,000 |
|
Television Broadcast Stations: 1 |
Number of People with Televisions: 10,000 |
|
Number of People with Mainline Telephones: 13,000 |
Number of People with Mobile Phones: 123,000 |
|
|
|
Internet Service Providers: 7 |
Internet Users: 60,000 |
|
|
|
Internet Country Code: .td |
Newspapers: 0 |
|
Two Letter Country Code: CD |
Weights and Measures: metric |
|
Phone Country Code: 235 |
Electricity Voltage: 220 Volts |
|
|
Telephone Systems: general assessment: primitive system
domestic: fair system of radiotelephone communication stations
international: country code - 235; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Highways: 267 km |
Railways: 0 km
|
|
Gas And Oil Pipelines: 205 km |
Waterways: 2,000 km
|
|
Airports: 7 |
Heliports: 0
|
|
|
|
Motor Vehicles: 3 per 1,000 people |
CO2 Emissions: 110,000 Metric Tons of CO2 per year |
|
|
Per capita CO2 emissions: 4.20 Metric Tons of CO2 per year |
|
|
Merchant Marines: NA
|
Ports and Harbors: NA
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Population: 9,944,201 people type - nationality |
Birth Rate: 45.73 births per 1,000 people |
|
Population Density: 6.00 people per sq km |
Death Rate: 16.38 deaths per 1,000 people |
|
Population Growth: 2.93% per year |
Fertility Rate per Women: 6.25 babies born per woman |
|
|
|
Population Male 0-14: 2,396,393 |
Population Female 0-14: 2,369,261 |
|
Population Male 15-64: 2,355,940 |
Population Female 15-64: 2,550,535 |
|
Population Male 65+: 107,665 |
Population Female 65+: 164,407 |
|
|
|
Population 0-14: 47.90% |
Literacy Rate: 47.50% |
|
Population 15-64: 49.30% |
Literacy rate of Males: 56.00% |
|
Population 65+: 2.70% |
Literacy rate of Females: 39.30% |
|
|
|
Population that is Male: 52.00
% |
Population that is Female: 48.00% |
|
Life expectancy at birth in years: 47.52 years |
Infant mortality rate - baby deaths per 1000 births: 91.45 Babies die per 1,000 births |
|
Life expectancy at birth for Males: 45.88 years |
Life expectancy at birth for Females: 49.21 years |
|
|
|
Rate of AIDS/HIV infection: 4.80%
|
Number of people living with AIDS or HIV: 200,000
|
|
|
Number of people who died of AIDS: 18,000 |
|
|
Disease Risk:
|
Diseases:
|
Net Migration Rate per 1,000 people: -0.11
|
Nationality: CHADIAN
|
Ethnic Groups: 200 distinct groups; in the north and center: Arabs, Gorane (Toubou, Daza, Kreda), Zaghawa, Kanembou, Ouaddai, Baguirmi, Hadjerai, Fulbe, Kotoko, Hausa, Boulala, and Maba, most of whom are Muslim; in the south: Sara (Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye), Moundang, M
|
|
|
Primary Language: French
|
Other Languages: French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), more than 120 different languages and dialects
|
|
|
Primary Religion: Muslim
|
Other Religions: Muslim 51%, Christian 35%, animist 7%, other 7%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Branches: Chadian National Army (Armee Nationale Tchadienne, ANT), Air Force, Gendarmerie
|
Manpower Fit to Serve: 20 years of age years
|
Manpower Available: 3,157,090 People
|
Manpower Fit to Serve: 1,644,488 People
|
Amount of Manpower Available each Year: 188,057 People per year
|
Expenditures: $68,950,000 USD per year
|
Expenditures as a Percentage of GDP: 1.00
|
|
|
|
Note: Phrasebase uses a variety of sources when compiling the facts and information presented above. This information is continually updated throughout the year.
|
|
|
|
|
Chad Spa and Resort Directory
|
Chad Home Exchanges and Home Swaps
|
Chad Vacation Rentals And Holiday Villas
|
Chad City Information Game Earn Real Money
|
