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Background: Nominally independent from the UK in 1922, Egypt acquired full sovereignty following World War II. The completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 and the resultant Lake Nasser have altered the time-honored place of the Nile river in the agriculture and ecology of Egypt. A rapidly growing population (the largest in the Arab world), limited arable land, and dependence on the Nile all continue to overtax resources and stress society. The government has struggled to ready the economy for the new millennium through economic reform and massive investment in communications and physical infrastructure.
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Common Name: Egypt
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Local Official Name: Misr
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Abbreviated Name: Arab Republic of Egypt
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Official Name: Jumhuriyat Misr al-Arabiyah
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Official Script Name: Egypt
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Local Common Name: Egypt
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Former Name: United Arab Republic (with Syria)
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Territory of: NA
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Head of State: President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK
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Government Type: republic
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Independence: 1922 February 28 (from UK)
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Constitution: 1971 September 11
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National Holiday: Revolution Day, 23 July
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International Organization Participation: ABEDA, ACC, ACCT, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, BSEC (observer), CAEU, CCC, EBRD, ECA, ESCWA, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OAU, OIC, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNOMIG, UNRWA, UNTAET, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
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Administrative Divisions: 26 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Ad Daqahliyah, Al Bahr al Ahmar, Al Buhayrah, Al Fayyum, Al Gharbiyah, Al Iskandariyah, Al Isma'iliyah, Al Jizah, Al Minufiyah, Al Minya, Al Qahirah, Al Qalyubiyah, Al Wadi al Jadid, Ash Sharqiyah, As Suways, Aswan, Asyut, Bani Suwayf, Bur Sa'id, Dumyat, Janub Sina', Kafr ash Shaykh, Matruh, Qina, Shamal Sina', Suhaj
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Dependent Areas: NA
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Legal System: based on English common law, Islamic law, and Napoleonic codes; judicial review by Supreme Court and Council of State (oversees validity of administrative decisions); accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
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Suffrage: 18 years of age years
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Executive, Legislative and Judicial Branches: Executive Branch:
chief of state: President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (since 14 October 1981)
head of government: Prime Minister Atef Mohammed ABEID (since 5 October 1999)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president
elections: president nominated by the People's Assembly for a six-year term, the nomination must then be validated by a national, popular referendum; national referendum last held 26 September 1999 (next to be held NA October 2005); prime minister appointed by the president
election results: national referendum validated President MUBARAK's nomination by the People's Assembly to a fourth term
Legislative Branch:
bicameral system consists of the People's Assembly or Majlis al-Sha'b (454 seats; 444 elected by popular vote, 10 appointed by the president; members serve five-year terms) and the Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura - which functions only in a consultative role (264 seats; 176 elected by popular vote, 88 appointed by the president; members serve NA-year terms)
elections: People's Assembly - three-phase voting - last held 19 October, 29 October, 8 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2005); Advisory Council - last held 7 June 1995 (next to be held NA)
election results: People's Assembly - percent of vote by party - NDP 88%, independents 8%, opposition 4%; seats by party - NDP 398, NWP 7, Tagammu 6, Nasserists 2, LSP 1, independents 38, undecided 2; Advisory Council - percent of vote by party - NDP 99%, independents 1%; seats by party - NA
Judicial Branch:
Supreme Constitutional Court
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Party Leaders: Nasserist Arab Democratic Party or Nasserists [Dia' al-din DAWUD]; National Democratic Party or NDP [President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK] - governing party; National Progressive Unionist Grouping or Tagammu [Khalid MUHI AL-DIN]; New Wafd Party or NWP [No'man GOMA]; Socialist Liberal Party or LSP [leader NA]
note: formation of political parties must be approved by the government
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International Disputes: Egypt and Sudan each claim to administer triangular areas which extend north and south of the 1899 Treaty boundary along the 22nd Parallel (in the north, the "Hala'ib Triangle", is the largest with 20,580 sq km); in 2001, the two states agreed to discuss an "area of integration" and withdraw military forces in the overlapping areas.
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Illicit Drugs: transit point for Southwest Asian and Southeast Asian heroin and opium moving to Europe, Africa, and the US; transit stop for Nigerian couriers
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Location of Egypt: Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip
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Continent: Africa
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Land Area Total: 1,001,450 sq km
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Region: Northern African |
Land Area Land: 995,450 sq km
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Capitol City: Cairo
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Land Area Water: 6,000 sq km
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Latitude: 027 00 N
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Border Boundary Land: 2,665 km
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Longitude: 030 00 E
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Border Boundary Coastline: 2,450 km
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Arable Land: 3.00 %
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Pastures: 0.00 %
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Crops: 0.00 %
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Woodlands and Forests: 0.00
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Highest Elevation: 2,669 m
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Location: Mount Catherine
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Lowest Elevation: -133 m
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Location: Qattara Depression
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Largest City in Egypt: Cairo
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Cairo Largest City Population: 10,345,000
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Threatened Species: 28
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Environmental Issues: agricultural land being lost to urbanization and windblown sands; increasing soil salination below Aswan High Dam; desertification; oil pollution threatening coral reefs, beaches, and marine habitats; other water pollution from agricultural pesticides, raw sewage, and industrial effluents; very limited natural fresh water resources away from the Nile which is the only perennial water source; rapid growth in population overstraining the Nile and natural resources
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Environmental Agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
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Irrigated Land: 33,000
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Bordering Countries: Gaza Strip 11 km, Israel 266 km, Libya 1,115 km, Sudan 1,273 km
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Natural Resources: petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, manganese, limestone, gypsum, talc, asbestos, lead, zinc
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Geographical Terrain: vast desert plateau interrupted by Nile valley and delta
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Comparative Area of Egypt: slightly more than three times the size of New Mexico
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Egypt's Geography: controls Sinai Peninsula, only land bridge between Africa and remainder of Eastern Hemisphere; controls Suez Canal, shortest sea link between Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Sea; size, and juxtaposition to Israel, establish its major role in Middle Eastern
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General Climate: desert; hot, dry summers with moderate winters
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Natural Hazards: periodic droughts; frequent earthquakes, flash floods, landslides; hot, driving windstorm called khamsin occurs in spring; dust storms, sandstorms
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Economic Overview: Egypt improved its macroeconomic performance throughout most of the last decade by following IMF advice on fiscal, monetary, and structural reform policies. As a result, Cairo managed to tame inflation, slash budget deficits, and attract more foreign investment. In the past three years, however, the pace of reform has slackened, and excessive spending on national infrastructure projects has widened budget deficits again. Lower foreign exchange earnings since 1998 resulted in pressure on the Egyptian pound and periodic dollar shortages. Monetary pressures have increased since 11 September 2001 because of declines in tourism, Suez canal tolls, and exports, and Cairo has devalued the pound several times in the past year. The development of a gas export market is a major bright spot for future growth prospects.
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GDP: $258,000,000,000 USD
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Currency: Egyptian pound
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GDP per Capita: $3,700 USD
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Currency Code: EGP
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GDP Growth Rate: 2.50 %
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Currency Exchange Rate History: Egyptian pounds per US dollar - market rate - 4.5000 (January 2002), 4.4900 (2001), 3.6900 (2000), 3.4050 (1999), 3.3880 (1998), 3.3880 (1997)
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GDP of Agriculture: 14.00 %
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GDP of Industry: 30.00 %
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GDP of Services: 56.00 % |
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Inflation Rate: 2.30 % |
Population in Poverty: 22.90 %
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Unemployment Rate: 12.00 %
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Tourism: 4,489,000.00 visitors each year
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Consumption by lowest 10%: 4.40 %
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Budget Revenue in USD: $21,500,000,000 USD
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Consumption by upper 10%: 25.00 %
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Budget Expenditures in USD: $26,200,000,000 USD
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Electricity Production: 69,592,000,000 kWh
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Electricity Exports: 0 kWh
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Electricity Consumption: 64,721,000,000 kWh
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Electricity Imports: 0 kWh
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Electricity Production by Source:
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Fossil Fuel Electricity Production: 0.00%
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Nuclear Electricity Production: 0.00%
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Hydro Electricity Production: 0.00%
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Other Electricity Production: 0.00%
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Oil Production: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Production: 0 cu m
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Oil Consumption: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Consumption: 0 cu m
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Oil Exports: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Exports: 0 cu m
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Oil Imports: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Imports: 0 cu m
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Proven Oil Reserves: 0 barrels
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Proven Natural Gas Reserves: 0 cu m
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External Debt: $0 USD |
Received in economic aid: $0 USD
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Donated in economic aid: $0 USD
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Agricultural Products: 0
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Primary Industries: 0
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Industrial Growth Rate: 1.80 %
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Import Amount in USD: $0 USD - 0
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Import Partners: 0
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Export Amount in USD: $0 USD - 0
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Export Partners: 0
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GINI Index: 0.00%
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Labor Force Number of People: 0
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Labor Force by Occupations: 0
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Radio Broadcast Stations: 0 |
Number of People with Radios: 0 |
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Television Broadcast Stations: 0 |
Number of People with Televisions: 0 |
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Number of People with Mainline Telephones: 0 |
Number of People with Mobile Phones: 0 |
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Internet Service Providers: 0 |
Internet Users: 0 |
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Internet Country Code: 0 |
Newspapers: 0 |
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Two Letter Country Code: 0 |
Weights and Measures: 0 |
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Phone Country Code: 0 |
Electricity Voltage: 0 Volts |
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Telephone Systems: 0
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Highways: 0 km |
Railways: 0 km
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Gas And Oil Pipelines: 0 km |
Waterways: 0 km
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Airports: 0 |
Heliports: 0
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Motor Vehicles: 0 per 1,000 people |
CO2 Emissions: 0 Metric Tons of CO2 per year |
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Per capita CO2 emissions: 0.00 Metric Tons of CO2 per year |
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Merchant Marines: 0
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Ports and Harbors: 0
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Population: 0 people type - nationality |
Birth Rate: 0.00 births per 1,000 people |
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Population Density: 0.00 people per sq km |
Death Rate: 0.00 deaths per 1,000 people |
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Population Growth: 0.00% per year |
Fertility Rate per Women: 0.00 babies born per woman |
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Population Male 0-14: 0 |
Population Female 0-14: 0 |
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Population Male 15-64: 0 |
Population Female 15-64: 0 |
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Population Male 65+: 0 |
Population Female 65+: 0 |
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Population 0-14: 0.00% |
Literacy Rate: 0.00% |
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Population 15-64: 0.00% |
Literacy rate of Males: 0.00% |
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Population 65+: 0.00% |
Literacy rate of Females: 0.00% |
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Population that is Male: 0.00
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Population that is Female: 0.00% |
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Life expectancy at birth in years: 0.00 years |
Infant mortality rate - baby deaths per 1000 births: 0.00 Babies die per 1,000 births |
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Life expectancy at birth for Males: 0.00 years |
Life expectancy at birth for Females: 0.00 years |
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Rate of AIDS/HIV infection: 0.00%
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Number of people living with AIDS or HIV: 0
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Number of people who died of AIDS: 0 |
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Disease Risk:
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Diseases: 0
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Net Migration Rate per 1,000 people: 0.00
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Nationality: 0
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Ethnic Groups:
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Primary Language:
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Other Languages:
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Primary Religion:
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Other Religions:
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Branches:
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Manpower Fit to Serve: years
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Manpower Available: 0 People
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Manpower Fit to Serve: 0 People
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Amount of Manpower Available each Year: 0 People per year
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Expenditures: $0 USD per year
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Expenditures as a Percentage of GDP: 0.00
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Note: Phrasebase uses a variety of sources when compiling the facts and information presented above. This information is continually updated throughout the year.
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Egypt Spa and Resort Directory
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Egypt Home Exchanges and Home Swaps
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Egypt Vacation Rentals And Holiday Villas
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