|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Background: Hungary was part of the polyglot Austro-Hungarian Empire, which collapsed during World War I. The country fell under Communist rule following World War II. In 1956, a revolt and announced withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact were met with a massive military intervention by Moscow. Under the leadership of Janos KADAR in 1968, Hungary began liberalizing its economy, introducing so-called "Goulash Communism." Hungary held its first multiparty elections in 1990 and initiated a free market economy. It joined NATO in 1999 and the EU in 2004.
|
|
|
|
Common Name: Hungary
|
Local Official Name: Magyarorszag
|
|
Abbreviated Name: Republic of Hungary
|
Official Name: Magyar Koztarsasag
|
|
Official Script Name: Hungary
|
Local Common Name: Hungary
|
|
Former Name: Hungary
|
Territory of: NA
|
|
|
Head of State: Laszlo SOLYOM
|
Government Type: parliamentary democracy
|
Independence: 1001 (unification by King Stephen I)
|
Constitution: 1949 August 18, effective 20 August 1949; revised 19 April 1972; 18 October 1989 revision ensured legal rights for individuals and constitutional checks on the authority of the prime minister and also established the principle of parliamentary oversight;
|
National Holiday: St. Stephen's Day, 20 August
|
International Organization Participation: ACCT (observer), Australia Group, BIS, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU (new member), FAO, G- 9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SECI, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOMIG, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU (associate), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC
|
Administrative Divisions: 19 counties (megyek, singular - megye), 22 urban counties (singular - megyei varos), and 1 capital city (fovaros)
counties: Bacs-Kiskun, Baranya, Bekes, Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen, Csongrad, Fejer, Gyor-Moson-Sopron, Hajdu-Bihar, Heves, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok, Komarom-Esztergom, Nograd, Pest, Somogy, Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg, Tolna, Vas, Veszprem, Zala
urban counties: Bekescsaba, Debrecen, Dunaujvaros, Eger, Gyor, Hodmezovasarhely, Kaposvar, Kecskemet, Miskolc, Nagykanizsa, Nyiregyhaza, Pecs, Salgotarjan, Sopron, Szeged, Szekesfehervar, Szekszard, Szolnok, Szombathely, Tatabanya, Veszprem, Zalaegerszeg
capital city: Budapest
|
Dependent Areas: NA
|
Legal System: rule of law based on Western model; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
|
Suffrage: 18 years
|
Executive, Legislative and Judicial Branches: Executive Branch:
chief of state: Laszlo SOLYOM (since 5 August 2005)
head of government: Prime Minister Ferenc GYURCSANY (since 29 September 2004)
cabinet: Council of Ministers elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president
elections: president elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 6-7 June 2005 (next to be held by June 2010); prime minister elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president; election last held 29 September 2004
election results: Laszlo SOLYOM elected president by a simple majority in the third round of voting, 185 to 182; Ferenc GYURCSANY elected prime minister; result of legislative vote - 197 to 12
note: to be elected, the president must win two-thirds of legislative vote in the first two rounds or a simple majority in the third round
Legislative Branch:
unicameral National Assembly or Orszaggyules (386 seats; members are elected by popular vote under a system of proportional and direct representation to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 9 and 23 April 2006 (next to be held April 2010)
election results: percent of vote by party (5% or more of the vote required for parliamentary representation in the first round) - MSzP 43.2%, Fidesz-KDNP 42%, SzDSz 6.5%, MDF 5%, other 3.3%; seats by party - MSzP 190, Fidesz 141, KDNP 23, SzDSz 20, MDF 11, independent 1
Judicial Branch:
Constitutional Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly for nine-year terms)
|
Party Leaders: Alliance of Free Democrats or SzDSz [Gabor KUNCZE]; Christian Democratic People's Party or KDNP [Zsolt SEMJEN]; Hungarian Civic Alliance or Fidesz [Viktor ORBAN, chairman]; Hungarian Democratic Forum or MDF [Ibolya DAVID]; Hungarian Socialist Party or MSzP [Istvan HILLER, chairman]
|
International Disputes: in 2004, Hungary amended the status law extending special social and cultural benefits - and voted down a referendum to extend dual citizenship - to ethnic Hungarians living in neighboring states, which have objected to such measures; consultations continue between Slovakia and Hungary over Hungary's completion of its portion the Gabcikovo-Nagymaros hydroelectric dam project along the Danube; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Hungary must implement the strict Schengen border rules
|
Illicit Drugs: transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and cannabis and for South American cocaine destined for Western Europe; limited producer of precursor chemicals, particularly for amphetamine and methamphetamine; improving, but remains vulnerable to money laundering related to organized crime and drug trafficking
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Location of Hungary: Central Europe, northwest of Romania
|
|
Continent: Europe
|
Land Area Total: 93,030 sq km
|
|
Region: Eastern Europe |
Land Area Land: 92,340 sq km
|
|
Capitol City: Budapest
|
Land Area Water: 690 sq km
|
|
Current: +1
|
|
|
|
|
Latitude: 047 00 N
|
Border Boundary Land: 2,171 km
|
|
Longitude: 020 00 E
|
Border Boundary Coastline: 0 km
|
|
|
|
Arable Land: 49.58 %
|
Pastures: 0.00 %
|
|
Crops: 2.06 %
|
Woodlands and Forests: 0.00
|
|
|
|
Highest Elevation: 1,014 m
|
Location: Kekes
|
|
Lowest Elevation: 78 m
|
Location: Tisza River
|
|
|
|
Largest City in Hungary: Budapest
|
Budapest Largest City Population: 1,836,000
|
|
|
Threatened Species: 52
|
Environmental Issues: the approximation of Hungary's standards in waste management, energy efficiency, and air, soil, and water pollution with environmental requirements for EU accession will require large investments
|
Environmental Agreements: party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Sulfur 94
|
Irrigated Land: 2,300
|
Bordering Countries: Austria 366 km, Croatia 329 km, Romania 443 km, Yugoslavia 151 km, Slovakia 677 km, Slovenia 102 km, Ukraine 103 km
|
Natural Resources: bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils, arable land
|
Geographical Terrain: mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on the Slovakian border
|
Comparative Area of Hungary: slightly smaller than Indiana
|
Hungary's Geography: landlocked; strategic location astride main land routes between Western Europe and Balkan Peninsula as well as between Ukraine and Mediterranean basin; the north-south flowing Duna (Danube) and Tisza Rivers divide the country into three large regions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Click Here for detailed information about the weather conditions in Hungary.
|
General Climate: temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers
|
Natural Hazards: NA
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Economic Overview: Hungary has made the transition from a centrally planned to a market economy, with a per capita income one-half that of the Big Four European nations. Hungary continues to demonstrate strong economic growth and acceded to the EU in May 2004. The private sector accounts for over 80% of GDP. Foreign ownership of and investment in Hungarian firms are widespread, with cumulative foreign direct investment totaling more than $60 billion since 1989. Hungarian sovereign debt was upgraded in 2000 and together with the Czech Republic holds the highest rating among the Central European transition economies; however, ratings agencies have expressed concerns over Hungary's unsustainable budget and current account deficits. Inflation has declined from 14% in 1998 to 3.7% in 2005. Unemployment has persisted around the 6% level, but Hungary's labor force participation rate of 57% is one of the lowest in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Germany is by far Hungary's largest economic partner. Policy challenges include cutting the public sector deficit to 3% of GDP by 2008, from about 6.5% in 2005, and orchestrating an orderly interest rate reduction without sparking capital outflows.
|
|
|
|
GDP: $163,100,000,000 USD
|
Currency: forint
|
|
GDP per Capita: $16,300 USD
|
Currency Code: HUF
|
|
GDP Growth Rate: 4.40 %
|
One $USD Equals: %fincurrencyequals% HUF
|
|
|
Currency Exchange Rate History: forints per US dollar - 199.58 (2005), 202.75 (2004), 224.31 (2003), 257.89 (2002), 286.49 (2001)
|
|
|
|
GDP of Agriculture: 3.70 %
|
GDP of Industry: 31.20 %
|
|
GDP of Services: 65.10 % |
|
|
|
|
Inflation Rate: 3.60 % |
Population in Poverty: 8.60 %
|
|
Unemployment Rate: 7.20 %
|
Tourism: 14,402,000.00 visitors each year
|
|
|
|
Consumption by lowest 10%: 4.10 %
|
Budget Revenue in USD: $51,400,000,000 USD
|
|
Consumption by upper 10%: 20.50 %
|
Budget Expenditures in USD: $58,340,000,000 USD
|
|
|
|
Electricity Production: 32,210,000,000 kWh
|
Electricity Exports: 7,100,000,000 kWh
|
|
Electricity Consumption: 36,960,000,000 kWh
|
Electricity Imports: 14,100,000,000 kWh
|
Electricity Production by Source:
|
|
|
Fossil Fuel Electricity Production: 58.83%
|
Nuclear Electricity Production: 40.29%
|
|
Hydro Electricity Production: 0.53%
|
Other Electricity Production: 0.35%
|
|
|
|
Oil Production: 43,920 barrels per day
|
Natural Gas Production: 2,940,000,000 cu m
|
|
Oil Consumption: 134,100 barrels per day
|
Natural Gas Consumption: 14,580,000,000 cu m
|
|
Oil Exports: 47,180 barrels per day
|
Natural Gas Exports: 4,000,000 cu m
|
|
Oil Imports: 136,600 barrels per day
|
Natural Gas Imports: 9,587,000,000 cu m
|
|
Proven Oil Reserves: 110,700,000 barrels
|
Proven Natural Gas Reserves: 34,260,000,000 cu m
|
|
|
|
External Debt: $66,220,000,000 USD |
Received in economic aid: $4,200,000,000 USD
|
|
|
Donated in economic aid: $0 USD
|
|
|
Agricultural Products: wheat, corn, sunflower seed, potatoes, sugar beets; pigs, cattle, poultry, dairy products
|
Primary Industries: mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles
|
Industrial Growth Rate: 7.30 %
|
|
|
Import Amount in USD: $64,830,000,000 USD - machinery and equipment 51.6%, other manufactures 35.7%, fuels and electricity 7.7%, food products 3.1%, raw materials 2.0%
|
Import Partners: Germany 27.2%, Russia 7.5%, China 7.2%, Austria 6.7%, Italy 4.9%, France 4.8%, Netherlands 4.3%
|
Export Amount in USD: $61,750,000,000 USD - machinery and equipment 61.1%, other manufactures 28.7%, food products 6.5%, raw materials 2%, fuels and electricity 1.6%
|
Export Partners: Germany 29.4%, Austria 5.9%, Italy 5.6%, France 5%, UK 4.7%
|
|
|
GINI Index: 24.40%
|
Labor Force Number of People: 4,180,000
|
Labor Force by Occupations: services 66.7%, industry 27.1%, agriculture 6.2%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Radio Broadcast Stations: 77 |
Number of People with Radios: 7,010,000 |
|
Television Broadcast Stations: 35 |
Number of People with Televisions: 4,420,000 |
|
Number of People with Mainline Telephones: 3,356,000 |
Number of People with Mobile Phones: 9,320,000 |
|
|
|
Internet Service Providers: 261,294 |
Internet Users: 3,050,000 |
|
|
|
Internet Country Code: .hu |
Newspapers: 465 |
|
Two Letter Country Code: HU |
Weights and Measures: |
|
Phone Country Code: 36 |
Electricity Voltage: 230 Volts |
|
|
Telephone Systems: general assessment: the telephone system has been modernized and is capable of satisfying all requests for telecommunication service
domestic: the system is digitalized and highly automated; trunk services are carried by fiber-optic cable and digital microwave radio relay; a program for fiber-optic subscriber connections was initiated in 1996; heavy use is made of mobile cellular telephones
international: country code - 36; Hungary has fiber-optic cable connections with all neighboring countries; the international switch is in Budapest; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean regions), 1 Inmarsat, 1 very small aperture terminal (VSAT) system of ground terminals
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Highways: 70,050 km |
Railways: 7,937 km
|
|
Gas And Oil Pipelines: 5,591 km |
Waterways: 1,622 km
|
|
Airports: 20 |
Heliports: 5
|
|
|
|
Motor Vehicles: 260 per 1,000 people |
CO2 Emissions: 57,601,000 Metric Tons of CO2 per year |
|
|
Per capita CO2 emissions: 5.70 Metric Tons of CO2 per year |
|
|
Merchant Marines: NA
|
Ports and Harbors: Budapest, Dunaujvaros, Gyor-Gonyu, Csepel, Baja, Mohacs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Population: 9,981,334 people type - nationality |
Birth Rate: 9.72 births per 1,000 people |
|
Population Density: 106.00 people per sq km |
Death Rate: 13.11 deaths per 1,000 people |
|
Population Growth: -0.25% per year |
Fertility Rate per Women: 1.32 babies born per woman |
|
|
|
Population Male 0-14: 799,163 |
Population Female 0-14: 755,389 |
|
Population Male 15-64: 3,403,375 |
Population Female 15-64: 3,505,640 |
|
Population Male 65+: 550,297 |
Population Female 65+: 967,470 |
|
|
|
Population 0-14: 15.60% |
Literacy Rate: 99.40% |
|
Population 15-64: 69.20% |
Literacy rate of Males: 99.50% |
|
Population 65+: 15.20% |
Literacy rate of Females: 99.30% |
|
|
|
Population that is Male: 45.50
% |
Population that is Female: 54.50% |
|
Life expectancy at birth in years: 72.66 years |
Infant mortality rate - baby deaths per 1000 births: 8.39 Babies die per 1,000 births |
|
Life expectancy at birth for Males: 68.45 years |
Life expectancy at birth for Females: 77.14 years |
|
|
|
Rate of AIDS/HIV infection: 0.10%
|
Number of people living with AIDS or HIV: 2,800
|
|
|
Number of people who died of AIDS: 0 |
|
|
Disease Risk:
|
Diseases:
|
Net Migration Rate per 1,000 people: 0.86
|
Nationality: HUNGARIAN
|
Ethnic Groups: Hungarian 92.3%, Roma 1.9%, other or unknown 5.8%
|
|
|
Primary Language: Hungarian
|
Other Languages: Hungarian 93.6%, other or unspecified 6.4%
|
|
|
Primary Religion: Roman Catholic
|
Other Religions: Roman Catholic 51.9%, Calvinist 15.9%, Lutheran 3%, Greek Catholic 2.6%, other Christian 1%, other or unspecified 11.1%, unaffiliated 14.5%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Branches: Ground Forces, Air Forces
|
Manpower Fit to Serve: 18 years
|
Manpower Available: 4,568,579 People
|
Manpower Fit to Serve: 3,645,093 People
|
Amount of Manpower Available each Year: 130,884 People per year
|
Expenditures: $1,080,000,000 USD per year
|
Expenditures as a Percentage of GDP: 1.75
|
|
|
|
Note: Phrasebase uses a variety of sources when compiling the facts and information presented above. This information is continually updated throughout the year.
|
|
|
|
|
Hungary Spa and Resort Directory
|
Hungary Home Exchanges and Home Swaps
|
Hungary Vacation Rentals And Holiday Villas
|
Hungary City Information Game Earn Real Money
|
