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Background: Since he took power in a 1969 military coup, Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI has espoused his own political system - a combination of socialism and Islam - which he calls the Third International Theory. Viewing himself as a revolutionary leader, he used oil funds during the 1970s and 1980s to promote his ideology outside Libya, even supporting subversives and terrorists abroad to hasten the end of Marxism and capitalism. Libyan military adventures failed, e.g., the prolonged foray of Libyan troops into the Aozou Strip in northern Chad was finally repulsed in 1987. Libyan support for terrorism decreased after UN sanctions were imposed in 1992. Those sanctions were suspended in April 1999.
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Common Name: Libya
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Local Official Name: Libya
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Abbreviated Name: Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiri
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Official Name: Al Jumahiriyah al Arabiyah al Libiyah ash Sha
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Official Script Name: Libya
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Local Common Name: Libya
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Former Name: Libya
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Territory of: NA
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Head of State: Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI
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Government Type: Jamahiriya (a state of the masses) in theory, governed by the populace through local councils; in fact, a military dictatorship
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Independence: 1951 December 24(from Italy)
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Constitution: 1969 December 11 (amended 2 March 1977)
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National Holiday: Revolution Day, 1 September
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International Organization Participation: ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, CAEU, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OAU, OIC, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO
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Administrative Divisions: 25 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ajdabiya, Al 'Aziziyah, Al Fatih, Al Jabal al Akhdar, Al Jufrah, Al Khums, Al Kufrah, An Nuqat al Khams, Ash Shati', Awbari, Az Zawiyah, Banghazi, Darnah, Ghadamis, Gharyan, Misratah, Murzuq, Sabha, Sawfajjin, Surt, Tarabulus, Tarhunah, Tubruq, Yafran, Zlitan; note - the 25 municipalities may have been replaced by 13 regions
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Dependent Areas: NA
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Legal System: based on Italian civil law system and Islamic law; separate religious courts; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
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Suffrage: 18 years of age years
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Executive, Legislative and Judicial Branches: Executive Branch:
chief of state: Revolutionary Leader Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI (since 1 September 1969); note - holds no official title, but is de facto chief of state
elections: national elections are indirect through a hierarchy of people's committees; head of government elected by the General People's Congress; election last held 2 March 2000 (next to be held NA)
election results: Mubarak al-SHAMEKH elected premier; percent of General People's Congress vote - NA%
cabinet: General People's Committee established by the General People's Congress
head of government: Secretary of the General People's Committee (Premier) Mubarak al-SHAMEKH (since 2 March 2000)
Legislative Branch:
unicameral General People's Congress (NA seats; members elected indirectly through a hierarchy of people's committees)
Judicial Branch:
Supreme Court
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Party Leaders: NA
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International Disputes: Chadian rebels from Aozou region reside in Libya; Libya claims about 19,400 sq km in Niger as well as part of southeastern Algeria in currently dormant disputes
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Illicit Drugs: NA
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Location of Libya: Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Tunisia
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Continent: Africa
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Land Area Total: 1,759,540 sq km
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Region: Northern African |
Land Area Land: 1,759,540 sq km
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Capitol City: Tripoli
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Land Area Water: 0 sq km
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Current:
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Latitude: 025 00 N
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Border Boundary Land: 4,348 km
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Longitude: 017 00 E
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Border Boundary Coastline: 1,770 km
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Arable Land: 1.00 %
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Pastures: 0.00 %
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Crops: 0.00 %
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Woodlands and Forests: 0.00
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Highest Elevation: 2,267 m
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Location: Bikku Bitti
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Lowest Elevation: -47 m
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Location: Sabkhat Ghuzayyil
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Largest City in Libya: Tripoli
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Tripoli Largest City Population: 1,773
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Threatened Species: 14
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Environmental Issues: desertification; very limited natural fresh water resources; the Great Manmade River Project, the largest water development scheme in the world, is being built to bring water from large aquifers under the Sahara to coastal cities
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Environmental Agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban
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Irrigated Land: 4,700
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Bordering Countries: Algeria 982 km, Chad 1,055 km, Egypt 1,115 km, Niger 354 km, Sudan 383 km, Tunisia 459 km
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Natural Resources: petroleum, natural gas, gypsum
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Geographical Terrain: mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions
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Comparative Area of Libya: slightly larger than Alaska
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Libya's Geography: more than 90% of the country is desert or semidesert
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Click Here for detailed information about the weather conditions in Libya.
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General Climate: Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior
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Natural Hazards: hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms
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Economic Overview: The socialist-oriented economy depends primarily upon revenues from the oil sector, which contributes practically all export earnings and about one-quarter of GDP. These oil revenues and a small population give Libya one of the highest per capita GDPs in Africa, but little of this income flows down to the lower orders of society. Import restrictions and inefficient resource allocations have led to periodic shortages of basic goods and foodstuffs. The nonoil manufacturing and construction sectors, which account for about 20% of GDP, have expanded from processing mostly agricultural products to include the production of petrochemicals, iron, steel, and aluminum. Climatic conditions and poor soils severely limit agricultural output, and Libya imports about 75% of its food. Higher oil prices in 1999 and 2000 led to an increase in export revenues, which improved macroeconomic balances and helped to stimulate the economy. The suspension of UN sanctions in 1999 also boosted growth. Libya's January 2002 51% devaluation of the official exchange rate of the dinar is another fiscal plus, although it will also bring higher inflation.
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GDP: $40,000,000,000 USD
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Currency: Libyan dinar
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GDP per Capita: $7,600 USD
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Currency Code: LYD
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GDP Growth Rate: 3.00 %
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One $USD Equals: %fincurrencyequals% LYD
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Currency Exchange Rate History: Libyan dinars per US dollar - 0.6501 (December 2001), 0.6501 (2001), 0.5403 (2000), 0.5403 (1999), 0.3785 (1998), 0.3891 (1997); market rate for Libyan dinars per US dollar - 1.55 (January 2002) note: Libya devalued its official rate for foreign trade o
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GDP of Agriculture: 7.00 %
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GDP of Industry: 47.00 %
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GDP of Services: 46.00 % |
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Inflation Rate: 13.60 % |
Population in Poverty: 0.00 %
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Unemployment Rate: 30.00 %
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Tourism: 40,000.00 visitors each year
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Consumption by lowest 10%: 0.00 %
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Budget Revenue in USD: $9,300,000,000 USD
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Consumption by upper 10%: 0.00 %
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Budget Expenditures in USD: $9,200,000,000 USD
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Electricity Production: 19,400,000,000 kWh
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Electricity Exports: 0 kWh
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Electricity Consumption: 18,042,000,000 kWh
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Electricity Imports: 0 kWh
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Electricity Production by Source:
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Fossil Fuel Electricity Production: 100.00%
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Nuclear Electricity Production: 0.00%
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Hydro Electricity Production: 0.00%
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Other Electricity Production: 0.00%
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Oil Production: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Production: 0 cu m
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Oil Consumption: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Consumption: 0 cu m
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Oil Exports: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Exports: 0 cu m
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Oil Imports: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Imports: 0 cu m
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Proven Oil Reserves: 0 barrels
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Proven Natural Gas Reserves: 0 cu m
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External Debt: $4,700,000,000 USD |
Received in economic aid: $7,000,000 USD
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Donated in economic aid: $0 USD
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Agricultural Products: wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus, vegetables, peanuts, soybeans; cattle
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Primary Industries: petroleum, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement
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Industrial Growth Rate: 0.00 %
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Import Amount in USD: $8,700,000,000 USD - machinery, transport equipment, food, manufactured goods
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Import Partners: Italy 25%, Germany 10%, UK 8%, France 7%, Tunisia 7%, South Korea 4%
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Export Amount in USD: $13,100,000,000 USD - crude oil, refined petroleum products
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Export Partners: Italy 42%, Germany 19%, Spain 13%, Turkey 6%, France 4%, Switzerland 3%, Tunisia 2%
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GINI Index: 0.00%
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Labor Force Number of People: 1,500,000
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Labor Force by Occupations: services 54%, industry 29%, agriculture 17%
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Radio Broadcast Stations: 24 |
Number of People with Radios: 1,350,000 |
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Television Broadcast Stations: 12 |
Number of People with Televisions: 730,000 |
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Number of People with Mainline Telephones: 380,000 |
Number of People with Mobile Phones: 0 |
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Internet Service Providers: 1 |
Internet Users: 20,000 |
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Internet Country Code: .ly |
Newspapers: 14 |
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Two Letter Country Code: LY |
Weights and Measures: |
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Phone Country Code: +218 |
Electricity Voltage: Volts |
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Telephone Systems: general assessment: telecommunications system is being modernized; mobile cellular telephone system became operational in 1996
domestic: microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, cellular, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations
international: satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat, NA Arabsat, and NA Intersputnik; submarine cables to France and Italy; microwave radio relay to Tunisia and Egypt; tropospheric scatter to Greece; participant in Medarabtel
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Highways: 6,798 km |
Railways: 0 km
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Gas And Oil Pipelines: 6,773 km |
Waterways: 0 km
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Airports: 58 |
Heliports: 1
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Motor Vehicles: 234 per 1,000 people |
CO2 Emissions: 41,719,000 Metric Tons of CO2 per year |
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Per capita CO2 emissions: 8.00 Metric Tons of CO2 per year |
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Merchant Marines: total: 23 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 209,000 GRT/278,277 DWT
ships by type: cargo 9, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas 3, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 4, short-sea passenger 4
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Algeria 1, Kuwait 1, United Arab Emirates 1
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Ports and Harbors: Al Khums, Banghazi, Darnah, Marsa al Burayqah, Misratah, Ra's Lanuf, Tobruk, Tripoli, Zuwarah
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Population: 5,368,585 people type - nationality |
Birth Rate: 27.59 births per 1,000 people |
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Population Density: 3.00 people per sq km |
Death Rate: 3.50 deaths per 1,000 people |
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Population Growth: 2.41% per year |
Fertility Rate per Women: 3.57 babies born per woman |
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Population Male 0-14: 958,243 |
Population Female 0-14: 917,940 |
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Population Male 15-64: 1,694,986 |
Population Female 15-64: 1,581,400 |
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Population Male 65+: 105,500 |
Population Female 65+: 110,516 |
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Population 0-14: 35.00% |
Literacy Rate: 76.20% |
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Population 15-64: 61.00% |
Literacy rate of Males: 87.90% |
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Population 65+: 4.00% |
Literacy rate of Females: 63.00% |
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Population that is Male: 53.00
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Population that is Female: 47.00% |
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Life expectancy at birth in years: 75.86 years |
Infant mortality rate - baby deaths per 1000 births: 27.90 Babies die per 1,000 births |
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Life expectancy at birth for Males: 73.71 years |
Life expectancy at birth for Females: 78.11 years |
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Rate of AIDS/HIV infection: 0.05%
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Number of people living with AIDS or HIV: 0
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Number of people who died of AIDS: 0 |
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Disease Risk:
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Diseases:
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Net Migration Rate per 1,000 people: 0.00
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Nationality: LIBYAN
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Ethnic Groups: Berber and Arab 97%, Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, Tunisians
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Primary Language: Arabic
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Other Languages: Arabic, Italian, English, all are widely understood in the major cities
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Primary Religion: Sunni Muslim
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Other Religions: Sunni Muslim 97%
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Branches: Armed Peoples on Duty (Army), Navy, Air and Air Defense Command (includes Air Force)
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Manpower Fit to Serve: 17 years of age years
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Manpower Available: 1,503,647 People
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Manpower Fit to Serve: 890,783 People
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Amount of Manpower Available each Year: 61,694 People per year
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Expenditures: $1,300,000,000 USD per year
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Expenditures as a Percentage of GDP: 3.90
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Note: Phrasebase uses a variety of sources when compiling the facts and information presented above. This information is continually updated throughout the year.
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