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Background: Founded in 963, Luxembourg became a grand duchy in 1815 and an independent state under the Netherlands. It lost more than half of its territory to Belgium in 1839, but gained a larger measure of autonomy. Full independence was attained in 1867. Overrun by Germany in both World Wars, it ended its neutrality in 1948 when it entered into the Benelux Customs Union and when it joined NATO the following year. In 1957, Luxembourg became one of the six founding countries of the European Economic Community (later the European Union), and in 1999 it joined the euro currency area.
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Common Name: Luxembourg
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Local Official Name: Luxembourg
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Abbreviated Name: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
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Official Name: Grand Duche de Luxembourg
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Official Script Name: Luxembourg
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Local Common Name: Luxembourg
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Former Name: Luxembourg
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Territory of: NA
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Head of State: Grand Duke HENRI
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Government Type: constitutional monarchy
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Independence: 1839 (from the Netherlands)
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Constitution: 1868 October 17, occasional revisions
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National Holiday: National Day (Birthday of Grand Duchess Charlotte) 23 June
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International Organization Participation: ACCT, AsDB, Australia Group, Benelux, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNRWA, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
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Administrative Divisions: 3 districts; Diekirch, Grevenmacher, Luxembourg
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Dependent Areas: NA
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Legal System: based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
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Suffrage: 18 years
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Executive, Legislative and Judicial Branches: Executive Branch:
chief of state: Grand Duke HENRI (since 7 October 2000); Heir Apparent Prince GUILLAUME (son of the monarch, born 11 November 1981)
head of government: Prime Minister Jean-Claude JUNCKER (since 1 January 1995) and Vice Prime Minister Jean ASSELBORN (since 31 July 2004)
cabinet: Council of Ministers recommended by the prime minister and appointed by the monarch
elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following popular elections to the Chamber of Deputies, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; the deputy prime minister is appointed by the monarch; they are responsible to the Chamber of Deputies
note: government coalition - CSV and LSAP
Legislative Branch:
unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (60 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 13 June 2004 (next to be held by June 2009)
election results: percent of vote by party - CSV 36.1%, LSAP 23.4%, DP 16.1%, Green Party 11.6%, ADR 10%; seats by party - CSV 24, LSAP 14, DP 10, Green Party 7, ADR 5
note: there is also a Council of State that serves as an advisory body to the Chamber of Deputies; the Council of State has 21 members appointed by the Grand Duke on the advice of the prime minister
Judicial Branch:
judicial courts and tribunals (3 Justices of the Peace, 2 district courts, and 1 Supreme Court of Appeals); administrative courts and tribunals (State Prosecutor's Office, administrative courts and tribunals, and the Constitutional Court); judges for all courts are appointed for life by the monarch
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Party Leaders: Action Committee for Democracy and Justice or ADR [Gast GIBERYEN]; Christian Social People's Party or CSV (also known as Christian Social Party or PCS) [Francois BILTGEN]; Democratic Party or DP [Claude MEISCH]; Green Party [Francois BAUSCH]; Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party or LSAP [Alex BODRY]; Marxist and Reformed Communist Party dei Lenk/la Gauche (the Left) [no formal leadership]; other minor parties
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International Disputes: NA
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Illicit Drugs: NA
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Location of Luxembourg: Western Europe, between France and Germany
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Continent: Europe
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Land Area Total: 2,586 sq km
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Region: Central Europe |
Land Area Land: 2,586 sq km
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Capitol City: Luxembourg
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Land Area Water: 0 sq km
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Current: +1
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Latitude: 049 45 N
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Border Boundary Land: 359 km
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Longitude: 006 10 E
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Border Boundary Coastline: 0 km
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Arable Land: 23.94 %
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Pastures: 0.00 %
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Crops: 0.39 %
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Woodlands and Forests: 0.00
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Highest Elevation: 559 m
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Location: Buurgplaatz
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Lowest Elevation: 133 m
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Location: Moselle River
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Largest City in Luxembourg: Luxembourg
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Luxembourg Largest City Population: 79,000
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Threatened Species: 8
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Environmental Issues: air and water pollution in urban areas, soil pollution of farmland
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Environmental Agreements: party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
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Irrigated Land: 0
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Bordering Countries: Belgium 148 km, France 73 km, Germany 138 km
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Natural Resources: iron ore (no longer exploited), arable land
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Geographical Terrain: mostly gently rolling uplands with broad, shallow valleys; uplands to slightly mountainous in the north; steep slope down to Moselle flood plain in the southeast
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Comparative Area of Luxembourg: slightly smaller than Rhode Island
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Luxembourg's Geography: landlocked; the only Grand Duchy in the world
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Click Here for detailed information about the weather conditions in Luxembourg.
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General Climate: modified continental with mild winters, cool summers
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Natural Hazards: NA
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Economic Overview: This stable, high-income economy - benefitting from its proximity to France, Belgium, and Germany - features solid growth, low inflation, and low unemployment. The industrial sector, initially dominated by steel, has become increasingly diversified to include chemicals, rubber, and other products. Growth in the financial sector, which now accounts for about 28% of GDP, has more than compensated for the decline in steel. Most banks are foreign-owned and have extensive foreign dealings. Agriculture is based on small family-owned farms. The economy depends on foreign and cross-border workers for more than 30% of its labor force. Although Luxembourg, like all EU members, has suffered from the global economic slump, the country enjoys an extraordinarily high standard of living - GDP per capita ranks first in the world.
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GDP: $30,900,000,000 USD
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Currency: euro
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GDP per Capita: $65,900 USD
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Currency Code: EUR`
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GDP Growth Rate: 4.00 %
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One $USD Equals: %fincurrencyequals% EUR`
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Currency Exchange Rate History: euros per US dollar - 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001)
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GDP of Agriculture: 1.00 %
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GDP of Industry: 13.00 %
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GDP of Services: 86.00 % |
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Inflation Rate: 2.50 % |
Population in Poverty: 0.00 %
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Unemployment Rate: 4.50 %
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Tourism: 834,000.00 visitors each year
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Consumption by lowest 10%: 0.00 %
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Budget Revenue in USD: $9,195,000,000 USD
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Consumption by upper 10%: 0.00 %
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Budget Expenditures in USD: $9,573,000,000 USD
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Electricity Production: 3,203,000,000 kWh
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Electricity Exports: 23,460,000,000 kWh
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Electricity Consumption: 6,140,000,000 kWh
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Electricity Imports: 52,870,000,000 kWh
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Electricity Production by Source:
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Fossil Fuel Electricity Production: 57.52%
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Nuclear Electricity Production: 0.00%
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Hydro Electricity Production: 25.66%
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Other Electricity Production: 16.82%
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Oil Production: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Production: 1,205,000,000 cu m
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Oil Consumption: 55,700 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Consumption: 0 cu m
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Oil Exports: 634 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Exports: 0 cu m
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Oil Imports: 50,700 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Imports: 867,000,000 cu m
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Proven Oil Reserves: 0 barrels
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Proven Natural Gas Reserves: 0 cu m
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External Debt: $0 USD |
Received in economic aid: $0 USD
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Donated in economic aid: $235,590,000 USD
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Agricultural Products: wine, grapes, barley, oats, potatoes, wheat, fruits; dairy products, livestock products
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Primary Industries: banking and financial services, iron and steel, information technology, telecommunications, cargo transportation, food processing, chemicals, metal products, engineering, tires, glass, aluminum, tourism
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Industrial Growth Rate: 4.50 %
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Import Amount in USD: $18,740,000,000 USD - minerals, metals, foodstuffs, quality consumer goods
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Import Partners: Belgium 28.2%, Germany 21.8%, China 12.8%, France 9.6%, Netherlands 5.1%
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Export Amount in USD: $13,390,000,000 USD - machinery and equipment, steel products, chemicals, rubber products, glass
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Export Partners: Germany 21%, France 16.3%, Belgium 9.2%, UK 8.3%, Italy 7.5%, Spain 6.6%, Netherlands 4.3%
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GINI Index: 0.00%
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Labor Force Number of People: 316,500
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Labor Force by Occupations: agriculture: 1%, industry: 13%, services: 86%
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Radio Broadcast Stations: 13 |
Number of People with Radios: 285,000 |
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Television Broadcast Stations: 5 |
Number of People with Televisions: 285,000 |
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Number of People with Mainline Telephones: 244,500 |
Number of People with Mobile Phones: 720,000 |
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Internet Service Providers: 70,465 |
Internet Users: 315,000 |
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Internet Country Code: .lu |
Newspapers: 332 |
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Two Letter Country Code: LU |
Weights and Measures: |
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Phone Country Code: 352 |
Electricity Voltage: 220 Volts |
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Telephone Systems: general assessment: highly developed, completely automated and efficient system, mainly buried cables
domestic: nationwide cellular telephone system; buried cable
international: country code - 352; 3 channels leased on TAT-6 coaxial submarine cable (Europe to North America)
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Highways: 5,210 km |
Railways: 274 km
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Gas And Oil Pipelines: 155 km |
Waterways: 37 km
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Airports: 1 |
Heliports: 1
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Motor Vehicles: 721 per 1,000 people |
CO2 Emissions: 9,545,000 Metric Tons of CO2 per year |
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Per capita CO2 emissions: 18.90 Metric Tons of CO2 per year |
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Merchant Marines: total: 42 ships (1000 GRT or over) 557,636 GRT/792,069 DWT
by type: bulk carrier 6, chemical tanker 16, container 7, liquefied gas 2, passenger 3, petroleum tanker 3, roll on/roll off 5
foreign-owned: 42 (Belgium 9, Finland 4, France 14, Germany 10, Netherlands 2, US 3)
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Ports and Harbors: Mertert
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Population: 474 people type - nationality |
Birth Rate: 11.94 births per 1,000 people |
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Population Density: 175.00 people per sq km |
Death Rate: 8.41 deaths per 1,000 people |
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Population Growth: 1.23% per year |
Fertility Rate per Women: 1.78 babies born per woman |
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Population Male 0-14: 46 |
Population Female 0-14: 43 |
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Population Male 15-64: 159 |
Population Female 15-64: 156 |
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Population Male 65+: 28 |
Population Female 65+: 41 |
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Population 0-14: 18.90% |
Literacy Rate: 100.00% |
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Population 15-64: 66.50% |
Literacy rate of Males: 100.00% |
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Population 65+: 28.00% |
Literacy rate of Females: 100.00% |
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Population that is Male: 48.50
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Population that is Female: 51.50% |
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Life expectancy at birth in years: 78.89 years |
Infant mortality rate - baby deaths per 1000 births: 4.74 Babies die per 1,000 births |
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Life expectancy at birth for Males: 75.60 years |
Life expectancy at birth for Females: 82.38 years |
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Rate of AIDS/HIV infection: 0.20%
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Number of people living with AIDS or HIV: 0
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Number of people who died of AIDS: 0 |
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Disease Risk:
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Diseases:
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Net Migration Rate per 1,000 people: 8.75
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Nationality: LUXEMBOURG
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Ethnic Groups: Celtic base (with French and German blend), Portuguese, Italian, Slavs (from Montenegro, Albania, and Kosovo) and European (guest and resident workers)
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Primary Language: Luxembourgish
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Other Languages: Luxembourgish (national language), German (administrative language), French (administrative language)
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Primary Religion: Roman Catholic
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Other Religions: 87% Roman Catholic, 13% Protestants, Jews, and Muslims
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Branches: Army
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Manpower Fit to Serve: 17 years
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Manpower Available: 219,625 People
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Manpower Fit to Serve: 178,917 People
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Amount of Manpower Available each Year: 5,478 People per year
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Expenditures: $147,800,000 USD per year
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Expenditures as a Percentage of GDP: 0.90
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Note: Phrasebase uses a variety of sources when compiling the facts and information presented above. This information is continually updated throughout the year.
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