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Background: Macedonia gained its independence peacefully from Yugoslavia in 1991, but Greece's objection to the new state's use of what it considered a Hellenic name and symbols delayed international recognition, which occurred under the provisional designation of the "Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia." In 1995, Greece lifted a 20-month trade embargo and the two countries agreed to normalize relations, although differences over Macedonia's name remain. The undetermined status of neighboring Kosovo, implementation of the Framework Agreement - which ended the 2001 ethnic Albanian armed insurgency - and a weak economy continue to be challenges for Macedonia.
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Common Name: Macedonia
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Local Official Name: Makedonija
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Abbreviated Name: The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
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Official Name: Republika Makedonija
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Official Script Name: Macedonia
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Local Common Name: F.Y.R.O.M.
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Former Name: People's Republic of Macedonia, Socialist Rep
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Territory of: NA
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Head of State: President Branko CRVENKOVSKI
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Government Type: parliamentary democracy
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Independence: 1991 September 17 (from Yugoslavia)
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Constitution: 1991 November 17 adopted, effective 1991 November 20 note: the Macedonian Parliament approved 2001 November a series of new constitutional amendments, strengthening minority rights
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National Holiday: Uprising Day, 2 August
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International Organization Participation: BIS, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SECI, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
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Administrative Divisions: 85 municipalities (opstini, singular - opstina); Aerodrom (Skopje), Aracinovo, Berovo, Bitola, Bogdanci, Bogovinje, Bosilovo, Brvenica, Butel (Skopje), Cair (Skopje), Caska, Centar (Skopje), Centar Zupa, Cesinovo, Cucer-Sandevo, Debar, Debartsa, Delcevo, Demir Hisar, Demir Kapija, Dojran, Dolneni, Drugovo, Gazi Baba (Skopje), Gevgelija, Gjorce Petrov (Skopje), Gostivar, Gradsko, Ilinden, Jegunovce, Karbinci, Karpos (Skopje), Kavadarci, Kicevo, Kisela Voda (Skopje), Kocani, Konce, Kratovo, Kriva Palanka, Krivogastani, Krusevo, Kumanovo, Lipkovo, Lozovo, Makedonska Kamenica, Makedonski Brod, Mavrovo i Rastusa, Mogila, Negotino, Novaci, Novo Selo, Ohrid, Oslomej, Pehcevo, Petrovec, Plasnica, Prilep, Probistip, Radovis, Rankovce, Resen, Rosoman, Saraj (Skopje), Skopje, Sopiste, Staro Nagoricane, Stip, Struga, Strumica, Studenicani, Suto Orizari (Skopje), Sveti Nikole, Tearce, Tetovo, Valandovo, Vasilevo, Veles, Vevcani, Vinica, Vranestica, Vrapciste, Zajas, Zelenikovo, Zelino, Zrnovci
note: the ten municipalities followed by Skopje in parentheses collectively constitute "greater Skopje"
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Dependent Areas: NA
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Legal System: based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts
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Suffrage: 18 years
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Executive, Legislative and Judicial Branches: Executive Branch:
chief of state: President Branko CRVENKOVSKI (since 12 May 2004)
head of government: Prime Minister Nikola GRUEVSKI (since 28 August 2006)
cabinet: Council of Ministers elected by the majority vote of all the deputies in the Assembly; note - current cabinet formed by the government coalition parties VMRO/DPMNE, NSDP, PDSH/DPA, and several small parties
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); two-round election last held 14 April and 28 April 2004 (next to be held by April 2009); prime minister elected by the Assembly following legislative elections
election results: Branko CRVENKOVSKI elected president on second-round ballot; percent of vote - Branko CRVENKOVSKI 62.7%, Sasko KEDEV 37.3%
Legislative Branch:
unicameral Assembly or Sobranie (120 seats - members elected by popular vote from party lists based on the percentage of the overall vote the parties gain in each of six electoral districts; all serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 5 July 2006 (next to be held by July 2010)
election results: percent of vote by party - VMRO-DPMNE 32.5%, SDSM 23.3%, DUI 12.2%, PDSH/DPA 7.5%; seats by party - VMRO-DPMNE 44, SDSM 32, DUI 28, PDSH/DPA 11, other 5
Judicial Branch:
Supreme Court - the Assembly appoints the judges; Constitutional Court - the Assembly appoints the judges; Republican Judicial Council - the Assembly appoints the judges
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Party Leaders: Definition Field Listing
Democratic Alliance [Pavle TRAJANOV]; Democratic Alternative or DA [Vasil TUPURKOVSKI]; Democratic League of the Bosniaks [Rafet MUMINOVIC]; Democratic Party of Albanians or PDSH/DPA [Arben XHAFERI]; Democratic Party of Serbs [Ivan STOILJKOVIC]; Democratic Party of Turks [Kenan HASIPI]; Democratic Renewal of Macedonia [Liljana POPOVSKA]; Democratic Republican Union of Macedonia or DRUM [Goran RAFAJLOVSKI]; Democratic Union of Vlachs for Macedonia [Mitko KOSTOV]; Democratic Union for Integration or DUI [Ali AHMETI]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity or VMRO-DPMNE [Nikola GRUEVSKI]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-Macedonian [Boris STOJMENOV]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-People's Party or VMRO-Narodna [Vesna JANEVSKA, acting]; League for Democracy [Gjorgi MARJANOVIC]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Risto PENOV]; Liberal Party [Stojan ANDOV]; National Alternative [Harun ALIU]; National Democratic Party or PDK [Basri HALITI]; National Farmers' Party [Vejljo TANTAROV]; New Democratic Forces [Hysni SHAQIRI]; New Social Democratic Party or NSDP [Tito PETKOVSKI]; Party for Democratic Future [Alajdin DEMIRI]; Party for Democratic Prosperity or PPD/PDP [Abduljhadi VEJSELI]; Social Democratic Alliance of Macedonia or SDSM [Vlado BUCKOVSKI]; Socialist Party of Macedonia or SP [Ljubisav IVANOV-ZINGO]; United Party for Emancipation or OPE [Nezdet MUSTAFA]
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International Disputes: ethnic Albanians in Kosovo object to demarcation of the boundary with Macedonia in accordance with the 2000 Macedonia-Serbia and Montenegro delimitation agreement; Greece continues to reject the use of the name Macedonia or Republic of Macedonia
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Illicit Drugs: major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and hashish; minor transit point for South American cocaine destined for Europe; although not a financial center and most criminal activity is thought to be domestic, money laundering is a problem due to a mostly cash-based economy and weak enforcement (no arrests or prosecutions for money laundering to date)
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Location of Macedonia: Southeastern Europe, north of Greece
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Continent: Europe
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Land Area Total: 25,333 sq km
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Region: South Eastern Europe |
Land Area Land: 24,856 sq km
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Capitol City: Skopje
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Land Area Water: 477 sq km
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Current: +1
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Latitude: 041 50 N
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Border Boundary Land: 766 km
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Longitude: 022 00 E
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Border Boundary Coastline: 0 km
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Arable Land: 22.01 %
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Pastures: 0.00 %
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Crops: 1.79 %
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Woodlands and Forests: 0.00
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Highest Elevation: 2,764 m
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Location: Golem Korab (Maja e Korabit)
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Lowest Elevation: 50 m
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Location: Vardar River
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Largest City in Macedonia: Skopje
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Skopje Largest City Population: 485,000
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Threatened Species: 25
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Environmental Issues: air pollution from metallurgical plants
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Environmental Agreements: party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
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Irrigated Land: 550
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Bordering Countries: Albania 151 km, Bulgaria 148 km, Greece 246 km, Yugoslavia 221 km
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Natural Resources: low-grade iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, manganese, nickel, tungsten, gold, silver, asbestos, gypsum, timber, arable land
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Geographical Terrain: mountainous territory covered with deep basins and valleys; three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line; country bisected by the Vardar River
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Comparative Area of Macedonia: slightly larger than Vermont
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Macedonia's Geography: landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western and Central Europe to Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to Western Europe
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Click Here for detailed information about the weather conditions in Macedonia.
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General Climate: warm, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall
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Natural Hazards: high seismic risks
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Economic Overview: At independence in September 1991, Macedonia was the least developed of the Yugoslav republics, producing a mere 5% of the total federal output of goods and services. The collapse of Yugoslavia ended transfer payments from the central government and eliminated advantages from inclusion in a de facto free trade area. An absence of infrastructure, UN sanctions on the downsized Yugoslavia, one of its largest markets, and a Greek economic embargo over a dispute about the country's constitutional name and flag hindered economic growth until 1996. GDP subsequently rose each year through 2000. However, the leadership's commitment to economic reform, free trade, and regional integration was undermined by the ethnic Albanian insurgency of 2001. The economy shrank 4.5% because of decreased trade, intermittent border closures, increased deficit spending on security needs, and investor uncertainty. Growth barely recovered in 2002 to 0.9%, then rose by 3.4% in 2003, 4.1% in 2004, and 3.7% in 2005. Macedonia has maintained macroeconomic stability with low inflation, but it has lagged the region in attracting foreign investment and job growth has been anemic. Macedonia has an extensive grey market, estimated to be more than 20 percent of GDP, that falls outside official statistics.
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GDP: $15,940,000,000 USD
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Currency: Macedonian denar
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GDP per Capita: $7,800 USD
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Currency Code: MKD
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GDP Growth Rate: 4.00 %
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One $USD Equals: %fincurrencyequals% MKD
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Currency Exchange Rate History: Macedonian denars per US dollar - 48.92 (2005), 49.41 (2004), 54.322 (2003), 64.35 (2002), 68.037 (2001)
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GDP of Agriculture: 11.80 %
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GDP of Industry: 31.90 %
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GDP of Services: 56.30 % |
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Inflation Rate: 0.00 % |
Population in Poverty: 29.60 %
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Unemployment Rate: 37.30 %
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Tourism: 181,000.00 visitors each year
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Consumption by lowest 10%: 0.00 %
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Budget Revenue in USD: $2,105,000,000 USD
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Consumption by upper 10%: 0.00 %
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Budget Expenditures in USD: $2,150,000,000 USD
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Electricity Production: 6,271,000,000 kWh
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Electricity Exports: 0 kWh
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Electricity Consumption: 7,933,000,000 kWh
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Electricity Imports: 1,662,000,000 kWh
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Electricity Production by Source:
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Fossil Fuel Electricity Production: 82.25%
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Nuclear Electricity Production: 0.00%
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Hydro Electricity Production: 17.75%
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Other Electricity Production: 0.00%
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Oil Production: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Production: 0 cu m
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Oil Consumption: 23,000 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Consumption: 0 cu m
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Oil Exports: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Exports: 0 cu m
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Oil Imports: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Imports: 0 cu m
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Proven Oil Reserves: 0 barrels
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Proven Natural Gas Reserves: 0 cu m
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External Debt: $2,190,000,000 USD |
Received in economic aid: $250,000,000 USD
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Donated in economic aid: $0 USD
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Agricultural Products: grapes, wine, tobacco, vegetables; milk, eggs
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Primary Industries: food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, steel, cement, energy, pharmaceuticals
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Industrial Growth Rate: 6.80 %
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Import Amount in USD: $3,196,000,000 USD - machinery and equipment, automobiles, chemicals, fuels, food products
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Import Partners: Russia 13.2%, Germany 10.4%, Greece 9.2%, Bulgaria 7.3%, Italy 6%
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Export Amount in USD: $2,047,000,000 USD - food, beverages, tobacco; miscellaneous manufactures, iron and steel
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Export Partners: Germany 17.8%, Greece 15.3%, Italy 8.3%
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GINI Index: 28.20%
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Labor Force Number of People: 855,000
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Labor Force by Occupations: agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%
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Radio Broadcast Stations: 49 |
Number of People with Radios: 410,000 |
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Television Broadcast Stations: 31 |
Number of People with Televisions: 510,000 |
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Number of People with Mainline Telephones: 533,200 |
Number of People with Mobile Phones: 1,261,000 |
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Internet Service Providers: 3,541 |
Internet Users: 159,900 |
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Internet Country Code: .mk |
Newspapers: 53 |
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Two Letter Country Code: MK |
Weights and Measures: |
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Phone Country Code: 389 |
Electricity Voltage: 220 Volts |
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Telephone Systems: general assessment: NA
domestic: NA
international: country code - 389
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Highways: 5,540 km |
Railways: 699 km
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Gas And Oil Pipelines: 388 km |
Waterways: 0 km
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Airports: 10 |
Heliports: 0
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Motor Vehicles: 155 per 1,000 people |
CO2 Emissions: 10,688,000 Metric Tons of CO2 per year |
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Per capita CO2 emissions: 5.40 Metric Tons of CO2 per year |
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Merchant Marines: NA
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Ports and Harbors: NA
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Population: 2,050,554 people type - nationality |
Birth Rate: 12.02 births per 1,000 people |
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Population Density: 80.00 people per sq km |
Death Rate: 8.77 deaths per 1,000 people |
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Population Growth: 0.26% per year |
Fertility Rate per Women: 1.57 babies born per woman |
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Population Male 0-14: 213 |
Population Female 0-14: 199 |
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Population Male 15-64: 711 |
Population Female 15-64: 701 |
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Population Male 65+: 98 |
Population Female 65+: 126 |
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Population 0-14: 20.10% |
Literacy Rate: 96.10% |
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Population 15-64: 68.90% |
Literacy rate of Males: 98.20% |
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Population 65+: 11.00% |
Literacy rate of Females: 94.10% |
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Population that is Male: 50.00
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Population that is Female: 50.00% |
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Life expectancy at birth in years: 73.97 years |
Infant mortality rate - baby deaths per 1000 births: 9.81 Babies die per 1,000 births |
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Life expectancy at birth for Males: 71.51 years |
Life expectancy at birth for Females: 76.62 years |
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Rate of AIDS/HIV infection: 0.10%
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Number of people living with AIDS or HIV: 0
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Number of people who died of AIDS: 0 |
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Disease Risk:
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Diseases:
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Net Migration Rate per 1,000 people: -0.65
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Nationality: MACEDONIAN
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Ethnic Groups: Macedonian 64.2%, Albanian 25.2%, Turkish 3.9%, Roma 2.7%, Serb 1.8%, other 2.2%
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Primary Language: Macedonian
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Other Languages: Macedonian 66.5%, Albanian 25.1%, Turkish 3.5%, Roma 1.9%, Serbian 1.2%, other 1.8%
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Primary Religion: Macedonian Orthodox
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Other Religions: Macedonian Orthodox 64.7%, other Christian 0.37%, Muslim 33.3%, other and unspecified 1.63%
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Branches: Army of the Republic of Macedonia (ARM; includes Joint Operational Command, with subordinate Air Wing); Special Force Command
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Manpower Fit to Serve: 18 years
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Manpower Available: 979,576 People
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Manpower Fit to Serve: 808,995 People
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Amount of Manpower Available each Year: 32,350 People per year
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Expenditures: $200,000,000 USD per year
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Expenditures as a Percentage of GDP: 6.00
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Note: Phrasebase uses a variety of sources when compiling the facts and information presented above. This information is continually updated throughout the year.
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