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Background: The Sudanese Republic and Senegal became independent of France in 1960 as the Mali Federation. When Senegal withdrew after only a few months, the Sudanese Republic was renamed Mali. Rule by dictatorship was brought to a close in 1991 with a transitional government, and in 1992 when Mali's first democratic presidential election was held. Since his reelection in 1997, President KONARE continued to push through political and economic reforms and to fight corruption. In 1999 he indicated he would not run for a third term, in keeping with the Malian constitution's two-term limit.
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Common Name: Mali
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Local Official Name: Mali
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Abbreviated Name: Republic of Mali
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Official Name: Republique de Mali
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Official Script Name: Mali
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Local Common Name: Mali
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Former Name: French Sudan and Sudanese Republic
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Territory of: NA
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Head of State: President Amadou Toumani TOURE
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Government Type: republic
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Independence: 1960 September 22 (from France)
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Constitution: (adopted 1992 January 12)
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National Holiday: Independence Day, 22 September
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International Organization Participation: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIPONUH, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
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Administrative Divisions: 8 regions (regions, singular - region); Gao, Kayes, Kidal, Koulikoro, Mopti, Segou, Sikasso, Tombouctou
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Dependent Areas: NA
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Legal System: based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court (which was formally established on 9 March 1994); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
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Suffrage: 18 years of age years
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Executive, Legislative and Judicial Branches: Executive Branch:
chief of state: President Amadou Toumani TOURE (since 8 June 2002)
head of government: Prime Minister Modibo KEITA (since 18 March 2002)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (two-term limit); election last held 12 May 2002 (next to be held NA May 2007); prime minister appointed by the president
election results: Amadou Toumani TOURE elected president; percent of vote - Amadou Toumani TOURE 64.4%, Soumaila CISSE 35.6%
Legislative Branch:
unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (147 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 20 July and 3 August 1997 (next to be held NA July 2002); note - much of the opposition boycotted the election
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - ADEMA 95, RPM 35, PARENA 8, CDS 4, UDD 3, PDP 2
Judicial Branch:
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
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Party Leaders: Alliance for Democracy or ADEMA [Diounconda Traore KEITA, party chairman]; Block of Alternative for the Renewal of Africa or BARA [Yoro DIAKITE]; Democratic and Social Convention or CDS [Mamadou Bakary SANGARE, chairman]; Movement for the Independence, Renaissance and Integration of Africa or MIRIA [Mohamed Lamine TRAORE, Mouhamedou DICKO]; National Congress for Democratic Initiative or CNID [Mountaga TALL, chairman]; Party for Democracy and Progress or PDP [Me Idrissa TRAORE]; Party for National Renewal or PARENA [Yoro DIAKITE, chairman; Tiebile DRAME, secretary general]; Rally for Democracy and Labor or RDT [Ali GNANGADO]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Almamy SYLLA, chairman]; Rally for Mali or RPM [Ibrahim Bonbasor KEITA, chairman]; Sudanese Union/African Democratic Rally or US/RDA [Mamadou Bamou TOURE, secretary general]; Union of Democratic Forces for Progress or UFDP [Youssouf TOURE, secretary general]; Union for Democracy and Development or UDD [Moussa Balla COULIBALY]
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International Disputes: NA
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Illicit Drugs: NA
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Location of Mali: Western Africa, southwest of Algeria
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Continent: Africa
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Land Area Total: 1,240,000 sq km
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Region: Western African |
Land Area Land: 1,220,000 sq km
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Capitol City: Bamako
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Land Area Water: 20,000 sq km
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Current:
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Latitude: 017 00 N
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Border Boundary Land: 7,243 km
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Longitude: 004 00 W
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Border Boundary Coastline: 0 km
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Arable Land: 4.00 %
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Pastures: 0.00 %
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Crops: 0.00 %
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Woodlands and Forests: 0.00
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Highest Elevation: 1,155 m
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Location: Hombori Tondo
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Lowest Elevation: 23 m
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Location: Senegal River
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Largest City in Mali: Bamako
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Bamako Largest City Population: 1,083,000
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Threatened Species: 0
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Environmental Issues: deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; inadequate supplies of potable water; poaching
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Environmental Agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban
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Irrigated Land: 1,380
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Bordering Countries: Algeria 1,376 km, Burkina Faso 1,000 km, Guinea 858 km, Cote d'Ivoire 532 km, Mauritania 2,237 km, Niger 821 km, Senegal 419 km
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Natural Resources: gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, hydropower note: bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper deposits are known but not exploited
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Geographical Terrain: mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast
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Comparative Area of Mali: slightly less than twice the size of Texas
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Mali's Geography: landlocked; divided into three natural zones: the southern, cultivated Sudanese; the central, semiarid Sahelian; and the northern, arid Saharan
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Click Here for detailed information about the weather conditions in Mali.
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General Climate: subtropical to arid; hot and dry February to June; rainy, humid, and mild June to November; cool and dry November to February
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Natural Hazards: hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; recurring droughts; occasional Niger River flooding
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Economic Overview: Mali is among the poorest countries in the world, with 65% of its land area desert or semidesert. Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the Niger. About 10% of the population is nomadic and some 70% of the labor force is engaged in farming and fishing. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities. Mali is heavily dependent on foreign aid and vulnerable to fluctuations in world prices for cotton, its main export. In 1997, the government continued its successful implementation of an IMF-recommended structural adjustment program that is helping the economy grow, diversify, and attract foreign investment. Mali's adherence to economic reform and the 50% devaluation of the African franc in January 1994 have pushed up economic growth to a sturdy 5% average in 1996-2000. In 2001, GDP decreased by 1.2% mainly due to a 50% drop in cotton production in 2000-01.
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GDP: $9,200,000,000 USD
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Currency: Communaute Financiere Africaine franc
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GDP per Capita: $840 USD
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Currency Code: XOF
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GDP Growth Rate: -1.20 %
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One $USD Equals: %fincurrencyequals% XOF
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Currency Exchange Rate History: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 742.79 (January 2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997); note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro
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GDP of Agriculture: 45.00 %
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GDP of Industry: 17.00 %
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GDP of Services: 38.00 % |
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Inflation Rate: 4.50 % |
Population in Poverty: 64.00 %
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Unemployment Rate: 19.90 %
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Tourism: 87,000.00 visitors each year
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Consumption by lowest 10%: 1.80 %
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Budget Revenue in USD: $764,000,000 USD
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Consumption by upper 10%: 40.40 %
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Budget Expenditures in USD: $828,000,000 USD
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Electricity Production: 462,000,000 kWh
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Electricity Exports: 0 kWh
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Electricity Consumption: 429,660,000 kWh
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Electricity Imports: 0 kWh
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Electricity Production by Source:
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Fossil Fuel Electricity Production: 43.29%
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Nuclear Electricity Production: 0.00%
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Hydro Electricity Production: 56.71%
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Other Electricity Production: 0.00%
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Oil Production: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Production: 0 cu m
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Oil Consumption: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Consumption: 0 cu m
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Oil Exports: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Exports: 0 cu m
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Oil Imports: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Imports: 0 cu m
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Proven Oil Reserves: 0 barrels
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Proven Natural Gas Reserves: 0 cu m
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External Debt: $3,300,000,000 USD |
Received in economic aid: $596,400,000 USD
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Donated in economic aid: $0 USD
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Agricultural Products: cotton, millet, rice, corn, vegetables, peanuts; cattle, sheep, goats
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Primary Industries: food processing; construction; phosphate and gold mining
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Industrial Growth Rate: 0.00 %
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Import Amount in USD: $600,000,000 USD - machinery and equipment, construction materials, petroleum, foodstuffs, textiles
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Import Partners: Cote d'Ivoire 21%, France 12.4%, Senegal 4%, Germany 4%, Benelux
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Export Amount in USD: $575,000,000 USD - cotton 43%, gold 40%, livestock
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Export Partners: Brazil 10.6%, South Korea 9.9%, Italy 7.3%, Canada 7%
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GINI Index: 50.50%
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Labor Force Number of People: 3,930,000
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Labor Force by Occupations: agriculture and fishing 80%
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Radio Broadcast Stations: 30 |
Number of People with Radios: 570,000 |
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Television Broadcast Stations: 1 |
Number of People with Televisions: 45,000 |
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Number of People with Mainline Telephones: 45,000 |
Number of People with Mobile Phones: 40,000 |
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Internet Service Providers: 13 |
Internet Users: 10,000 |
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Internet Country Code: .ml |
Newspapers: 1 |
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Two Letter Country Code: ML |
Weights and Measures: |
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Phone Country Code: +223 |
Electricity Voltage: Volts |
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Telephone Systems: general assessment: domestic system unreliable but improving; provides only minimal service
domestic: network consists of microwave radio relay, open wire, and radiotelephone communications stations; expansion of microwave radio relay in progress
international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean)
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Highways: 1,827 km |
Railways: 729 km
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Gas And Oil Pipelines: 0 km |
Waterways: 1,815 km
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Airports: 7 |
Heliports: 0
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Motor Vehicles: 1 per 1,000 people |
CO2 Emissions: 0 Metric Tons of CO2 per year |
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Per capita CO2 emissions: 0.00 Metric Tons of CO2 per year |
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Merchant Marines: NA
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Ports and Harbors: Koulikoro
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Population: 11,340,480 people type - nationality |
Birth Rate: 48.37 births per 1,000 people |
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Population Density: 9.00 people per sq km |
Death Rate: 18.32 deaths per 1,000 people |
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Population Growth: 2.97% per year |
Fertility Rate per Women: 6.73 babies born per woman |
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Population Male 0-14: 2,687,998 |
Population Female 0-14: 2,658,605 |
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Population Male 15-64: 2,698,789 |
Population Female 15-64: 2,950,276 |
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Population Male 65+: 160,604 |
Population Female 65+: 184,208 |
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Population 0-14: 47.20% |
Literacy Rate: 38.00% |
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Population 15-64: 49.80% |
Literacy rate of Males: 45.00% |
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Population 65+: 3.00% |
Literacy rate of Females: 31.00% |
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Population that is Male: 48.00
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Population that is Female: 52.00% |
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Life expectancy at birth in years: 47.39 years |
Infant mortality rate - baby deaths per 1000 births: 119.63 Babies die per 1,000 births |
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Life expectancy at birth for Males: 46.18 years |
Life expectancy at birth for Females: 48.64 years |
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Rate of AIDS/HIV infection: 1.70%
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Number of people living with AIDS or HIV: 140,000
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Number of people who died of AIDS: 9,900 |
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Disease Risk:
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Diseases:
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Net Migration Rate per 1,000 people: -0.35
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Nationality: MALIAN
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Ethnic Groups: Mande 50% (Bambara, Malinke, Soninke), Peul 17%, Voltaic 12%, Songhai 6%, Tuareg and Moor 10%, other 5%
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Primary Language: Bambara
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Other Languages: French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages
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Primary Religion: Muslim
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Other Religions: Muslim 90%, indigenous beliefs 9%, Christian 1%
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Branches: Army, Air Force, Gendarmerie, Republican Guard, National Guard, National Police (Surete Nationale)
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Manpower Fit to Serve: NA years
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Manpower Available: 2,369,578 People
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Manpower Fit to Serve: 1,358,646 People
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Amount of Manpower Available each Year: 0 People per year
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Expenditures: $50,000,000 USD per year
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Expenditures as a Percentage of GDP: 2.00
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Note: Phrasebase uses a variety of sources when compiling the facts and information presented above. This information is continually updated throughout the year.
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Mali Spa and Resort Directory
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Mali City Information Game Earn Real Money
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