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Background: Formerly part of Romania, Moldova was incorporated into the Soviet Union at the close of World War II. Although independent from the USSR since 1991, Russian forces have remained on Moldovan territory east of the Dniester River supporting the Slavic majority population, mostly Ukrainians and Russians, who have proclaimed a "Transnistria" republic. The poorest nation in Europe, Moldova became the first former Soviet state to elect a Communist as its president in 2001.
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Common Name: Moldova
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Local Official Name: Moldova
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Abbreviated Name: Republic of Moldova
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Official Name: Republica Moldova
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Official Script Name: Moldova
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Local Common Name: Moldova
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Former Name: Soviet Socialist Republic of Moldova; Moldavi
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Territory of: NA
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Head of State: President Vladimir VORONIN
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Government Type: republic
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Independence: 1991 August 27 (from Soviet Union)
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Constitution: 1994 July 28 new constitution adopted; replaces old Soviet constitution of 1979
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National Holiday: Independence Day, 27 August
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International Organization Participation: ACCT, BSEC, CE, CEI, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SECI, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
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Administrative Divisions: 32 raions (raioane, singular - raionul), 3 municipalities (municipiul), 1 autonomous territorial unit (unitatea teritoriala autonoma), and 1 territorial unit (unitatea teritoriala)
raions: Anenii Noi, Basarabeasca, Briceni, Cahul, Cantemir, Calarasi, Causeni, Cimislia, Criuleni, Donduseni, Drochia, Dubasari, Edinet, Falesti, Floresti, Glodeni, Hincesti, Ialoveni, Leova, Nisporeni, Ocnita, Orhei, Rezina, Riscani, Singerei, Soldanesti, Soroca, Stefan-Voda, Straseni, Taraclia, Telenesti, Ungheni
municipalities: Balti, Bender, Chisinau
autonomous territorial unit: Gagauzia
territorial unit: Stinga Nistrului
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Dependent Areas: NA
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Legal System: based on civil law system; Constitutional Court reviews legality of legislative acts and governmental decisions of resolution; accepts many UN and Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) documents
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Suffrage: 18 years
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Executive, Legislative and Judicial Branches: Executive Branch:
chief of state: President Vladimir VORONIN (since 4 April 2001)
head of government: Prime Minister Vasile TARLEV (since 15 April 2001), First Deputy Prime Minister Zinaida GRECIANII (since 10 October 2005)
cabinet: Cabinet selected by president, subject to approval of Parliament
elections: president elected by Parliament for a four-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 4 April 2005 (next to be held in 2009); note - prime minister designated by the president, upon consultation with Parliament; within 15 days from designation, the prime minister-designate must request a vote of confidence from the Parliament regarding his/her work program and entire cabinet; prime minister designated 15 April 2001, cabinet received a vote of confidence 19 April 2001
election results: Vladimir VORONIN reelected president; parliamentary votes - Vladimir VORONIN 75, Gheorghe DUCA 1; Vasile TARLEV designated prime minister; parliamentary votes of confidence - 75 of 101
Legislative Branch:
unicameral Parliament or Parlamentul (101 seats; parties and electoral blocs elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 6 March 2005 (next to be held in 2009)
election results: percent of vote by party - PCRM 46.1%, Democratic Moldova Bloc 28.4%, PPCD 9.1%, other parties 16.4%; seats by party - PCRM 56, Democratic Moldova Bloc 34, PPCD 11
Judicial Branch:
Supreme Court; Constitutional Court (the sole authority for constitutional judicature)
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Party Leaders: Braghis Faction [Dumitru BRAGHIS]; Christian Democratic People's Party or PPCD [Iurie ROSCA]; Communist Party of the Republic of Moldova or PCRM [Vladimir VORONIN, first chairman]; Democratic Moldova Bloc (comprised of the AMN, Democratic Party, and PSL); Democratic Party [Dumitru DIACOV]; Our Moldova Alliance or AMN [Serafim URECHEANU]; Social Liberal Party or PSL [Oleg SEREBRIAN]
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International Disputes: Moldova and Ukraine have established joint customs posts to monitor transit through Moldova's break-away Transnistria region which remains under OSCE supervision
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Illicit Drugs: limited cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis, mostly for CIS consumption; transshipment point for illicit drugs from Southwest Asia via Central Asia to Russia, Western Europe, and possibly the US; widespread crime and underground economic activity
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Location of Moldova: Eastern Europe, northeast of Romania
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Continent: Europe
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Land Area Total: 33,843 sq km
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Region: Eastern Europe |
Land Area Land: 33,371 sq km
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Capitol City: Chisinau
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Land Area Water: 472 sq km
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Current: +2
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Latitude: 047 00 N
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Border Boundary Land: 1,389 km
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Longitude: 029 00 E
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Border Boundary Coastline: 0 km
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Arable Land: 54.52 %
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Pastures: 0.00 %
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Crops: 8.81 %
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Woodlands and Forests: 0.00
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Highest Elevation: 430 m
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Location: Dealul Balanesti
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Lowest Elevation: 2 m
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Location: Dniester River
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Largest City in Moldova: Kishinev
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Kishinev Largest City Population: 655,000
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Threatened Species: 26
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Environmental Issues: heavy use of agricultural chemicals, including banned pesticides such as DDT, has contaminated soil and groundwater; extensive soil erosion from poor farming methods
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Environmental Agreements: party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
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Irrigated Land: 3,000
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Bordering Countries: Romania 450 km, Ukraine 939 km
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Natural Resources: lignite, phosphorites, gypsum, arable land, limestone
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Geographical Terrain: rolling steppe, gradual slope south to Black Sea
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Comparative Area of Moldova: slightly larger than Maryland
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Moldova's Geography: landlocked; well endowed with various sedimentary rocks and minerals including sand, gravel, gypsum, and limestone
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Click Here for detailed information about the weather conditions in Moldova.
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General Climate: moderate winters, warm summers
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Natural Hazards: landslides (57 cases in 1998)
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Economic Overview: Moldova remains one of the poorest countries in Europe despite recent progress from its small economic base. It enjoys a favorable climate and good farmland but has no major mineral deposits. As a result, the economy depends heavily on agriculture, featuring fruits, vegetables, wine, and tobacco. Moldova must import almost all of its energy supplies. Energy shortages contributed to sharp production declines after the breakup of the Soviet Union in December 1991. As part of an ambitious reform effort after independence, Moldova introduced a convertible currency, freed prices, stopped issuing preferential credits to state enterprises, backed steady land privatization, removed export controls, and freed interest rates. The government entered into agreements with the World Bank and the IMF to promote growth and reduce poverty. The economy returned to positive growth in 2000, and has remained at or above 6% every year since. Further reforms will come slowly because of strong political forces backing government controls. The economy remains vulnerable to higher fuel prices, poor agricultural weather, and the skepticism of foreign investors.
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GDP: $8,410,000,000 USD
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Currency: Moldovan leu
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GDP per Capita: $1,900 USD
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Currency Code: MDL
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GDP Growth Rate: 7.10 %
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One $USD Equals: %fincurrencyequals% MDL
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Currency Exchange Rate History: lei per US dollar - 12.6 (2005), 12.33 (2004), 13.945 (2003), 13.571 (2002), 12.865 (200
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GDP of Agriculture: 21.30 %
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GDP of Industry: 23.30 %
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GDP of Services: 55.50 % |
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Inflation Rate: 11.90 % |
Population in Poverty: 80.00 %
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Unemployment Rate: 8.00 %
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Tourism: 0.00 visitors each year
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Consumption by lowest 10%: 2.20 %
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Budget Revenue in USD: $1,069,000,000 USD
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Consumption by upper 10%: 30.70 %
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Budget Expenditures in USD: $1,065,000,000 USD
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Electricity Production: 29,420,000,000 kWh
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Electricity Exports: 300,000,000 kWh
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Electricity Consumption: 3,036,000,000 kWh
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Electricity Imports: 600,000,000 kWh
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Electricity Production by Source:
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Fossil Fuel Electricity Production: 90.44%
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Nuclear Electricity Production: 0.00%
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Hydro Electricity Production: 9.56%
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Other Electricity Production: 0.00%
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Oil Production: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Production: 0 cu m
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Oil Consumption: 37,000 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Consumption: 2,380,000,000 cu m
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Oil Exports: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Exports: 0 cu m
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Oil Imports: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Imports: 20,500,000,000 cu m
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Proven Oil Reserves: 0 barrels
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Proven Natural Gas Reserves: 0 cu m
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External Debt: $1,986,000,000 USD |
Received in economic aid: $100,000,000 USD
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Donated in economic aid: $0 USD
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Agricultural Products: vegetables, fruits, wine, grain, sugar beets, sunflower seed, tobacco; beef, milk
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Primary Industries: sugar, vegetable oil, food processing, agricultural machinery; foundry equipment, refrigerators and freezers, washing machines; hosiery, shoes, textiles
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Industrial Growth Rate: 17.00 %
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Import Amount in USD: $2,230,000,000 USD - mineral products and fuel, machinery and equipment, chemicals, textiles
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Import Partners: Ukraine 20.9%, Russia 11.7%, Romania 11.2%, Germany 8.3%, Italy 6.6%, Turkey 4.1%
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Export Amount in USD: $1,040,000,000 USD - foodstuffs, textiles, machinery
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Export Partners: Russia 32.9%, Italy 12.7%, Romania 10.6%, Ukraine 9.5%, Belarus 6.7%, Germany 4.5%
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GINI Index: 36.20%
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Labor Force Number of People: 1,340,000
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Labor Force by Occupations: agriculture 40%, industry 14%, services 46%
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Radio Broadcast Stations: 60 |
Number of People with Radios: 3,220,000 |
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Television Broadcast Stations: 1 |
Number of People with Televisions: 1,260,000 |
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Number of People with Mainline Telephones: 929,400 |
Number of People with Mobile Phones: 1,090,000 |
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Internet Service Providers: 30,861 |
Internet Users: 406,000 |
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Internet Country Code: .md |
Newspapers: 60 |
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Two Letter Country Code: MD |
Weights and Measures: |
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Phone Country Code: 373 |
Electricity Voltage: Volts |
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Telephone Systems: general assessment: inadequate, outmoded, poor service outside Chisinau; some modernization is under way
domestic: new subscribers face long wait for service; mobile cellular telephone service being introduced
international: country code - 373; service through Romania and Russia via landline; satellite earth stations - Intelsat, Eutelsat, and Intersputnik
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Highways: 10,973 km |
Railways: 1,138 km
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Gas And Oil Pipelines: 606 km |
Waterways: 424 km
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Airports: 6 |
Heliports: 0
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Motor Vehicles: 55 per 1,000 people |
CO2 Emissions: 10,388,000 Metric Tons of CO2 per year |
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Per capita CO2 emissions: 2.40 Metric Tons of CO2 per year |
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Merchant Marines: NA
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Ports and Harbors: NA
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Population: 4 people type - nationality |
Birth Rate: 15.70 births per 1,000 people |
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Population Density: 127.00 people per sq km |
Death Rate: 12.64 deaths per 1,000 people |
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Population Growth: 0.28% per year |
Fertility Rate per Women: 1.85 babies born per woman |
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Population Male 0-14: 455 |
Population Female 0-14: 438 |
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Population Male 15-64: 1 |
Population Female 15-64: 1 |
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Population Male 65+: 170 |
Population Female 65+: 290 |
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Population 0-14: 20.00% |
Literacy Rate: 99.10% |
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Population 15-64: 69.70% |
Literacy rate of Males: 99.60% |
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Population 65+: 10.30% |
Literacy rate of Females: 98.70% |
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Population that is Male: 45.50
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Population that is Female: 54.50% |
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Life expectancy at birth in years: 65.65 years |
Infant mortality rate - baby deaths per 1000 births: 38.38 Babies die per 1,000 births |
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Life expectancy at birth for Males: 61.61 years |
Life expectancy at birth for Females: 69.88 years |
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Rate of AIDS/HIV infection: 0.20%
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Number of people living with AIDS or HIV: 5,500
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Number of people who died of AIDS: 0 |
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Disease Risk:
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Diseases:
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Net Migration Rate per 1,000 people: -0.23
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Nationality: MOLDOVAN
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Ethnic Groups: Moldovan/Romanian 78.2%, Ukrainian 8.4%, Russian 5.8%, Gagauz 4.4%, Bulgarian 1.9%, other 1.3%
note: internal disputes with ethnic Slavs in the Transnistrian region
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Primary Language: Moldovan
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Other Languages: Moldovan (official, virtually the same as the Romanian language), Russian, Gagauz (a Turkish dialect)
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Primary Religion: Eastern Orthodox
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Other Religions: Eastern Orthodox 98%, Jewish 1.5%, Baptist and other 0.5%
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Branches: National Army: Ground Forces, Rapid Reaction Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces
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Manpower Fit to Serve: 18 years
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Manpower Available: 2,183,529 People
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Manpower Fit to Serve: 1,605,481 People
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Amount of Manpower Available each Year: 86,083 People per year
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Expenditures: $0 USD per year
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Expenditures as a Percentage of GDP: 0.40
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Note: Phrasebase uses a variety of sources when compiling the facts and information presented above. This information is continually updated throughout the year.
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Moldova Spa and Resort Directory
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