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Историјски развој: The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes was formed in 1918; its name was changed to Yugoslavia in 1929. Occupation by Nazi Germany in 1941 was resisted by various paramilitary bands that fought each other as well as the invaders. The group headed by Josip TITO took full control of Yugoslavia upon German expulsion in 1945. Although Communist, his new government and its successors (he died in 1980) managed to steer their own path between the Warsaw Pact nations and the West for the next four and a half decades. In the early 1990s, post-TITO Yugoslavia began to unravel along ethnic lines: Slovenia, Croatia, Macedonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina were recognized as independent states in 1992. The remaining republics of Serbia and Montenegro declared a new Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) in April 1992 and, under President Slobodan MILOSEVIC, Serbia led various military intervention efforts to unite ethnic Serbs in neighboring republics into a "Greater Serbia." These actions led to Yugoslavia being ousted from the UN in 1992, but Serbia continued its campaign until signing the Dayton Peace Accords in 1995. In 1998-99, massive expulsions by FRY forces and Serb paramilitaries of ethnic Albanians living in Kosovo provoked an international response, including the NATO bombing of Belgrade and the stationing of a NATO-led force (KFOR), in Kosovo. Federal elections in the fall of 2000, brought about the ouster of MILOSEVIC and installed Vojislav KOSTUNICA as president. The arrest of MILOSEVIC in 2001 allowed for his subsequent transfer to the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in The Hague to be tried for crimes against humanity. In 2001, the country's suspension from the UN was lifted, and it was once more accepted into UN organizations under the name of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Kosovo has been governed by the UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) since June 1999, under the authority of UN Security Council Resolution 1244, pending a determination by the international community of its future status. In 2002, the Serbian and Montenegrin components of Yugoslavia began negotiations to forge a looser relationship. In February 2003 lawmakers restructured the country into a loose federation of two republics called Serbia and Montenegro. The Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro included a provision that allowed either republic to hold a referendum after three years that would allow for their independence from the state union. In the spring of 2006, Montenegro took advantage of the provision to undertake a successful independence vote enabling it to secede on 3 June. Two days later, Serbia declared that it was the successor state to the union of Serbia and Montenegro.
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Устаљени назив: ЦРНА ГОРА
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Званични назив на језику земље: Serbia And Montenegro
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Скраћени назив: Serbia And Montenegro
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Пуни назив: Srbija i Crna Gora
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Пише се: Srbija i Crna Gora
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Локални назив: SCG
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Некадашњи назив: Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
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Територија: None
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Лидер државе: President Svetozar MAROVIC
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Облик управљања: Republic
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датум стицања независности: 27 April 1992 (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia or FRY - now Serbia and Montenegro - formed as self-proclaimed successor to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia or SFRY)
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Устав: 1990 September 28; note - a new draft constitution approved by Parliament on 30 September 2006 stresses that Kosovo is an integral part of Serbia; the draft must still be approved by a national referendum
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Државни празници: National Day, 27 April
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Учешће у међународним организацијама: ABEDA, BIS, BSEC, CE, CEI, EBRD, FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD (suspended), IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SECI, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO (observer)
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Административна организација: 52 districts (okrugov; singular - okrug), 1 capital city*
Central Serbia: Belgrad*, Bor, Branicevo, Jablanica, Kolubara, Macva, Moaravica, Nisava, Pcinja, Pirot, Podunavlje, Pomoravlje, Rasina, Raska, Sumadija, Toplica, Zajecar, Zlatibor
Vojvodina: Central Banat, North Backa, North Banat, South Backa, South Banat, Srem, West Backa
Kosovo and Metohia: Dakovica, Gnjilane, Kosovska Mitrovica, Pec, Pristina, Prizren, Urosevac
Andrijevia, Bar, Berane, Bijelo Polje, Budva, Cetinje, Danilovgrad, Herceg Novi, Kolasin, Kotor, Mojkovac, Niksic, Plav, Pluzine, Pljevlja, Podgornica, Rozaje, Savnik, Tivat, Ulcinj, Zabljak
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Области под контролом ове земље: None
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Правни систем: based on civil law system
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Право гласа: 18 година
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Административна и правна тијела: Executive branch:
chief of state: President Svetozar MAROVIC (since 7 March 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Svetozar MAROVIC (since 7 March 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
cabinet: Federal Ministries act as Cabinet
elections: president elected by the parliament for a four-year term; election last held 7 March 2003 (next to be held 2007)
election results: Svetozar MAROVIC elected president by the parliament; vote was Svetozar MAROVIC 65, other 47
Legislative branch:
unicameral Parliament (126 seats - 91 Serbian, 35 Montenegrin - filled by nominees of the two state parliaments for the first two years, after which the Constitutional Charter calls for direct elections
elections: last held 25 February 2003 (next to be held 2006 in Montenegro and 2007 in Serbia)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Serbian parties: SRS 30, DSS 20, DS 13, G17 Plus 12, SPO-NS 8, SPS 8; Montenegrin parties: DPS 15, SNP 9, SDP 4, DSS 3, NS 2, LSCG 2
Judicial branch:
The Court of Serbia and Montenegro; judges are elected by the Serbia and Montenegro Parliament for six-year terms
note: since the promulgation of the 2003 Constitution, the Federal Court has constitutional and administrative functions; it has an equal number of judges from each republic
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Партијске вође: Democratic Party or DS [Boris TADIC]; Democratic Party of Serbia or DSS [Vojislav KOSTUNICA]; Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro or DPS [Milo DJUKANOVIC]; Democratic Serbian Party of Montenegro or DSS [Bozidar BOJOVIC]; G17 Plus [Miroljub LABUS]; New Serbia or NS [Velimir ILIC]; Liberal Party of Montenegro or LSCG [Miodrag ZIVKOVIC]; People's Party of Montenegro or NS [Predrag POPOVIC]; Power of Serbia Movement or PSS [Bogoljub KARIC]; Serbian Peoples' Party of Montenegro or SNS [Andrija MANDIC]; Serbian Radical Party or SRS [Tomislav NIKOLIC]; Serbian Renewal Movement or SPO [Vuk DRASKOVIC]; Serbian Socialist Party or SPS (former Communist Party and party of Slobodan MILOSEVIC) [Ivica DACIC, president of Main Board]; Social Democratic Party of Montenegro or SDP [Ranko KRIVOKAPIC]; Socialist People's Party of Montenegro or SNP [Predrag BULATOVIC]
note: the following political parties participate in elections and institutions only in Kosovo, which has been governed by the UN under UNSCR 1244 since 1999: Albanian Christian Democratic Party or PSHDK [Mark KRASNIQI]; Alliance for the Future of Kosovo or AAK [Ramush HARADINAJ]; Citizens' Initiative of Gora or GIG; Democratic Ashkali Party of Kosovo or PDAK [Sabit RRAHMANI]; Democratic League of Kosovo or LDK [Ibrahim RUGOVA]; Democratic Party of Kosovo or PDK [Hashim THACI]; Justice Party or PD [Sylejman CERKEZI]; Kosovo Democratic Turkish Party of KDTP [Mahir YAGCILAR]; Liberal Party of Kosovo or PLK [Gjergj DEDAJ]; Ora [Veton SURROI]; New Democratic Initiative of Kosovo or IRDK [Bislim HOTI]; Party of Democratic Action or SDA [Numan BALIC]; Popular Movement of Kosovo or LPK [Emrush XHEMAJLI]; Prizren-Dragas Initiative or PDI [Ismajl KARADOLAMI]; Serb Democratic Party or SDS [Slavisa PETKOVIC]; Serb List for Kosovo and Metohija or SLKM [Oliver IVANOVIC]; United Roma Party of Kosovo or PREBK [Haxhi Zylfi MERXHA]; Vakat
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Међународне несугласице: the final status of the Serbian province of Kosovo remains unresolved and several thousand peacekeepers from the UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) have administered the region since 1999, with Kosovar Albanians overwhelmingly supporting and Serbian officials opposing Kosovo independence; the international community had agreed to begin a process to determine final status but contingency of solidifying multi-ethnic democracy in Kosovo has not been satisfied; ethnic Albanians in Kosovo refuse demarcation of the boundary with Macedonia in accordance with the 2000 Macedonia-Serbia and Montenegro delimitation agreement; Serbia and Montenegro delimited about half of the boundary with Bosnia and Herzegovina, but sections with Serbia along the Drina River remain in dispute
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Забрањене дроге: transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin moving to Western Europe on the Balkan route; economy vulnerable to money laundering
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Географски положај ЦРНА ГОРА: Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Albania and Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Континент: Europe
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Укупна површина: 102,387 sq km
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Област: Eastern Europe |
Површина копна: 102,136 sq km
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Главни град: Belgrade
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Површина копнених вода: 214 sq km
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Струја: +1
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Географска ширина: 44 00 N
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Дужина копнених граница: 2,246 km
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Географска дужина: 21 00
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Дужина обале у пограничном дијелу: 199 km
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Обрадива земља: 33.18 %
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Ливаде и пашњаци: 0.00 %
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Њиве: 3.20 %
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Шуме: 0.00
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Највећа надморска висина: 2,656 m
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Локација: Daravica
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Најмања надморска висина: 0 m
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Локација: Adriatic Sea
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Највећи град ЦРНА ГОРА: Belgrade
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Belgrade Становништво највећег града: 1,482,000
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Угрожене врсте: 49
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Еколошки проблеми: pollution of coastal waters from sewage outlets, especially in tourist-related areas such as Kotor; air pollution around Belgrade and other industrial cities; water pollution from industrial wastes dumped into the Sava which flows into the Danube
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Потписник следећих уговора о заштити животне средине: party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
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Наводњавана земља: 320
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Граничи се са: Albania 287 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 527 km, Bulgaria 318 km, Croatia (north) 241 km, Croatia (south) 25 km, Hungary 151 km, Macedonia 221 km, Romania 476 km
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Природни ресурси: oil, gas, coal, iron ore, bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, antimony, chromite, nickel, gold, silver, magnesium, pyrite, limestone, marble, salt, hydropower, arable land
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Рељеф: extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to the east, limestone ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient mountains and hills; to the southwest, extremely high shoreline with no islands off the coast
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По површини је слична ЦРНА ГОРА: slightly smaller than Kentucky
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ЦРНА ГОРА's Географија: controls one of the major land routes from Western Europe to Turkey and the Near East; strategic location along the Adriatic coast
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Кликните овдје за детаљније информације о временским условима у ЦРНА ГОРА.
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Климатске прилике: in the north, continental climate (cold winters and hot, humid summers with well distributed rainfall); central portion, continental and Mediterranean climate; to the south, Adriatic climate along the coast, hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall inland
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Природне непогоде: destructive earthquakes
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Цјелокупна економскa ситуација: MILOSEVIC-era mismanagement of the economy, an extended period of economic sanctions, and the damage to Yugoslavia's infrastructure and industry during the NATO airstrikes in 1999 left the economy only half the size it was in 1990. After the ousting of former Federal Yugoslav President MILOSEVIC in October 2000, the Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS) coalition government implemented stabilization measures and embarked on a market reform program. After renewing its membership in the IMF in December 2000, a down-sized Yugoslavia continued to reintegrate into the international community by rejoining the World Bank (IBRD) and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). A World Bank-European Commission sponsored Donors' Conference held in June 2001 raised $1.3 billion for economic restructuring. In November 2001, the Paris Club agreed to reschedule the country's $4.5 billion public debt and wrote off 66% of the debt. In July 2004, the London Club of private creditors forgave $1.7 billion of debt, just over half the total owed. Belgrade has made only minimal progress in restructuring and privatizing its holdings in major sectors of the economy, including energy and telecommunications. It has made halting progress towards EU membership and is currently pursuing a Stabilization and Association Agreement with Brussels. Serbia is also pursuing membership in the World Trade Organization. Unemployment remains an ongoing political and economic problem. The Republic of Montenegro severed its economy from Serbia during the MILOSEVIC era; therefore, the formal separation of Serbia and Montenegro in June 2006 had little real impact on either economy. Kosovo's economy continues to transition to a market-based system and is largely dependent on the international community and the diaspora for financial and technical assistance. The euro and the Yugoslav dinar are both accepted currencies in Kosovo. While maintaining ultimate oversight, UNMIK continues to work with the EU and Kosovo's local provisional government to accelerate economic growth, lower unemployment, and attract foreign investment to help Kosovo integrate into regional economic structures. The complexity of Serbia and Kosovo's political and legal relationships has created uncertainty over property rights and hindered the privatization of state-owned assets in Kosovo. Most of Kosovo's population lives in rural towns outside of the largest city, Pristina. Inefficient, near-subsistence farming is common.
note: economic data for Serbia currently reflects information for the former Serbia and Montenegro, unless otherwise noted; data for Serbia alone will be added when available
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Бруто национални доходак: $43,562,000,000 USD
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Валута: new Yugoslav dinar
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Бруто национални доходак по особи: $4,400 USD
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Ознака валуте: YUM
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Раст бруто националног дохотка: 5.90 %
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Један амерички долар износи: %fincurrencyequals% YUM
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Стопа размјене валута: new Yugoslav dinars per US dollar - 58.6925
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Проценат бруто националног дохотка остварен кроз пољопривредну производњу: 16.60 %
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Проценат бруто националног дохотка остварен кроз индустријску производњу: 25.50 %
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Проценат бруто националног дохотка остварен кроз услужне дјелатности: 57.90 % |
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Стопа инфлације: 15.50 % |
Проценат становништва испод границе сиромаштва: 30.00 %
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Стопа незапослености: 31.60 %
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Туризам: 152,000.00 посјетилаца годишње
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Потрошња најсиромашнијих 10% становништва: 0.00 %
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Буџетски приходи у америчким доларима: $11,450,000,000 USD
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Потрошња најбогатијих 10% становништва: 0.00 %
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Буџетски расходи у америчким доларима: $11,120,000,000 USD
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Производња електричне енергије: 33,870,000,000 kWh
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Извоз електричне енергије: 12,050,000,000 kWh
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Потрошња електричне енергије: 0 kWh
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Увоз електричне енергије: 11,230,000,000 kWh
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Производња електричне енергије - информације на основу извора производње:
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Производња термо електричне енегрије: 0.00%
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Производња нуклеарне енергије: 0.00%
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Производња хидро електричне енергије: 0.00%
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Производња електричне енергије из других извора: 0.00%
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Производња нафте: 14,600 барела
дневно
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Производња природног гаса: 650,000,000 cu m
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Потрошња нафте: 85,000 барела
дневно
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Потрошња природног гаса: 2,550,000,000 cu m
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Извоз нафте: 0 барела
дневно
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Извоз природног гаса: 0 cu m
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Увоз нафте: 0 барела
дневно
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Увоз природног гаса: 0 cu m
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Резерве нафте: 38,750,000 барела
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Резерве природног гаса: 48,140,000,000 cu m
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Спољна дуговања: $15,430,000,000 USD |
Економска помоћ упућена држави: $2,000,000,000 USD
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Економска помоћ упућена другима: $0 USD
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Пољопривредни производи: wheat, maize, sugar beets, sunflower, beef, pork, milk, grains, tobacco, potatoes, citrus fruits, olives, grapes; sheepherding; commercial fishing negligible
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Главне индустријске гране: sugar, agricultural machinery, electrical and communication equipment, paper and pulp, lead, transportation equipment, steelmaking, agricultural processing, consumer goods, tourism
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Стопа раста индустријске производње: 1.40 %
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Вриједност увезених производа у америчким доларима: $10,580,000,000 USD - machinery and transport equipment, fuels and lubricants, manufactured goods, chemicals, food and live animals, raw materials
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Увозни партнери: Germany 18.5%, Italy 16.4%, Austria 8.3%, Slovenia 6.7%, Bulgaria 4.7%, France 4.5%, Netherlands 4.1%
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Вриједност извезених производа у америчким доларима: $4,553,000,000 USD - manufactured goods, food and live animals, machinery and transport equipment
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Извозни партнери: Italy 28.9%, Germany 16.6%, Greece 7.1%, Austria 7%, France 4.9%, Slovenia 4.1% (2004)
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GINI Index: 0.00%
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Број запоселних: 259,100
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Запослено становништво према сектору дјелатности:
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Радио станице: 184 |
Број особа које посједују радио пријемнике: 0 |
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Телевизијске станице: 771 |
Број особа које посједују телевизор: 259 |
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Број особа које посједују телефон у домаћинству: 2,863,063 |
Број особа које посједују мобилни телефон: 5,772,220 |
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Интернет провајдери: 22,046 |
Интернет корисници: 1,450,000 |
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Интернет домен земље: .cs |
Новине: 106 |
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Међународна ознака државе: RB |
Систем и јединице мјерења: |
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Позивни број земље: 381 |
Волтажа: 220 Volts |
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Телекомуникације: as a result of damage stemming from the 1999 war and transition to a competitive market-based system; network was only 65% digitalized in 2005
domestic: teledensity remains below the average for neighboring states; GSM wireless service, available through two providers with national coverage, is growing very rapidly; best telecommunications service limited to urban centers
international: country code - 381
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Аутопутеви: 28,211 km |
Жељезничке пруге: 4,385 km
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Гасоводи и нафтоводи: 3,270 km |
Пловни путеви: 587 km
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Аеродроми: 19 |
Хелиодроми: 4
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Моторна возила: 0 на 1000 људи |
СО2 емисија: 88,139,000 Годишње метричких тона СО2 |
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Емисија СО2 по особи : 4.20 Годишње метричких тона СО2 |
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Tрговачка флота: total: 4 ships (1000 GRT or over) 9,458 GRT/10,172 DWT
by type: cargo 4
registered in other countries: 4 (Bahamas 2, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2)
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Луке: Bar
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Становништво: 10,026,959 Национална припадност становништва |
Стопа живорођених: 12.60 рођених на 1000 становника |
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Густина насељености: 104.00 становника по квадратном километру |
Стопа смртности: 9.20 умрлих на 1000 становника |
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Природни прираштај: 3.50% годишњи |
Стопа плодности жена: 1.68 број беба по жени |
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Мушко становништво млађе од 14 година: 1,003,313 |
Женско становништво млађе од 14 година: 932,885 |
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Мушко становништво између 15 и 64 године: 3,618,870 |
Женско становништво између 15 и 64 године: 3,638,397 |
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Мушко становништво старо 65 и више година: 702,618 |
Женско становништво старо 65 и више година: 936,462 |
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Становништво млађе од 14 година: 18.00% |
Стопа писмености: 96.40% |
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Становништво између 15 и 64 године: 67.00% |
Стопа писмености код мушкараца: 98.90% |
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Становништво старо 65 и више година: 15.00% |
Стопа писмености код жена: 94.10% |
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Мушко становништво: 48.50
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Женско становништво: 51.50% |
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Просјечна старост: 74.95 година |
Стопа смртности одојчади - идекс умрлих на 1000 рођених: 12.42 Број умрлих одојчади на 1000 рођених |
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Просјечни животни вијек мушкарца: 72.37 years |
Просјечни животни вијек жене: 77.75 years |
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Стопа заражености СИДОМ или ХИВ вирусом: 0.20%
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Број особа заражених СИДОМ или ХИВ вирусом: 10,000
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Број особа умрлих од СИДЕ: 100 |
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Ризик од болести:
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Болести:
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Стопа мигрантског становништва на 1000 особа: -1.27
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Националност: Serbs and Montenegrins
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Етничке групе: Serb 62.6%, Albanian 16.5%, Montenegrin 5%, Hungarian 3.3%, other 12.6%
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Званични језик: Serbian
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Остали језици: Serbian (official nationwide); Romanian, Hungarian, Slovak, Ukrainian, and Croatian (all official in Vojvodina); Albanian (official in Kosovo)
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Главна религија: Orthodox 65%
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Остале религије: Serbian Orthodox, Muslim, Roman Catholic, Protestant
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Организације: Serbian Armed Forces (Vojska Srbije, VS): Army (Kopnene Vojska, KoV), Air Force and Air Defense Force (Vozduhoplostvo i Protivozduhoplovna Odbrana, ViPO), naval force to be determined
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Способни за обављање службе: 17 година
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Активно становништво: 0 Људи
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Способни за обављање службе: 0 Људи
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Годишњи број активног становништва: 0 Људи годишњи
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Утрошак: $0 USD годишњи
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Потрошња у процентима бруто националног дохотка: 0.00
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ЦРНА ГОРА Списак посјетилишта и бања
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ЦРНА ГОРА Размјена стамбеног простора
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ЦРНА ГОРА Изнајмите вилу или смјештај за одмор
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ЦРНА ГОРА Игра везана за информације о градовима. Зарадите новац
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