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Background: Following nearly 16 years of military rule, a new constitution was adopted in 1999, and a peaceful transition to civilian government was completed. The president faces the daunting task of rebuilding a petroleum-based economy, whose revenues have been squandered through corruption and mismanagement, and institutionalizing democracy. In addition, the OBASANJO administration must defuse longstanding ethnic and religious tensions, if it is to build a sound foundation for economic growth and political stability.
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Common Name: Nigeria
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Local Official Name: Nigeria
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Abbreviated Name: Federal Republic of Nigeria
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Official Name: Nigeria
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Official Script Name: Nigeria
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Local Common Name: Nigeria
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Former Name: Nigeria
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Territory of: NA
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Head of State: Olusegun OBASANJO
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Government Type: republic transitioning from military to civilian rule
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Independence: 1960 October 1 (from UK)
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Constitution: new constitution adopted 1999 May
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National Holiday: Independence Day (National Day), 1 October
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International Organization Participation: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-19, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNMOVIC, UNU, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
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Administrative Divisions: 36 states and 1 territory*; Abia, Abuja Federal Capital Territory*, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nassarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara
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Dependent Areas: NA
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Legal System: based on English common law, Islamic Shariah law (only in some northern states), and traditional law
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Suffrage: 18 years of age years
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Executive, Legislative and Judicial Branches: Executive Branch:
chief of state: President Olusegun OBASANJO (since 29 May 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Olusegun OBASANJO (since 29 May 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
cabinet: Federal Executive Council
elections: president is elected by popular vote for no more than two four-year terms; election last held 27 February 1999 (next to be held NA March 2003)
election results: Olusegun OBASANJO elected president; percent of vote - Olusegun OBASANJO (PDP) 62.8%, Olu FALAE (APP-AD) 37.2%
Legislative Branch:
bicameral National Assembly consists of Senate (109 seats, three from each state and one from the Federal Capital Territory; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and House of Representatives (360 seats, members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 20-24 February 1999 (next to be held NA March 2003); House of Representatives - last held 20-24 February 1999 (next to be held NA March 2003)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - PDP 58%, APP 23%, AD 19%; seats by party - PDP 67, APP 23, AD 19; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDP 58%, APP 30%, AD 12%; seats by party - PDP 221, APP 70, AD 69
Judicial Branch:
Supreme Court (judges appointed by the President); Federal Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the federal government on the advice of the Advisory Judicial Committee)
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Party Leaders: All People's Party or APP [leader NA]; Alliance for Democracy or AD [Alhaji Adamu ABDULKADIR]; People's Democratic Party or PDP [Audu OGBEH]
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International Disputes: Nigeria disputes several villages with Benin along the Okpara River, and only 35 km of their common boundary are demarcated; the Benin-Niger-Nigeria tripoint remains undemarcated; Lake Chad Basin Commission urges signatories Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria to ratify delimitation treaty over lake region, the site of continuing armed clashes; oral arguments on the land and maritime boundary disputes between Cameroon and Nigeria were presented to the ICJ; disputes center around Bakasi Peninsula, where armed clashes continue, Bouram Island on Lake Chad, and the maritime boundary and economic zone dispute in the Gulf of Guinea, which also involves Equatorial Guinea; Nigeria requests and Chad rejects redemarcation of boundary, which lacks clear demarcation in sections and has caused several cross-border incidents
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Illicit Drugs: a transit point for heroin and cocaine intended for European, East Asian, and North American markets; safehaven for Nigerian narcotraffickers operating worldwide
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Location of Nigeria: Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon
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Continent: Africa
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Land Area Total: 923,768 sq km
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Region: Central African |
Land Area Land: 910,768 sq km
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Capitol City: Abuja
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Land Area Water: 13,000 sq km
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Current:
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Latitude: 010 00 N
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Border Boundary Land: 4,047 km
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Longitude: 008 00 E
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Border Boundary Coastline: 853 km
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Arable Land: 31.00 %
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Pastures: 0.00 %
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Crops: 3.00 %
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Woodlands and Forests: 0.00
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Highest Elevation: 2,419 m
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Location: Chappal Waddi
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Lowest Elevation: 0 m
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Location: Atlantic Ocean
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Largest City in Nigeria: Lagos
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Lagos Largest City Population: 12,763,000
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Threatened Species: 158
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Environmental Issues: soil degradation; rapid deforestation; urban air and water pollution; desertification; oil pollution - water, air, and soil; has suffered serious damage from oil spills; loss of arable land; rapid urbanization
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Environmental Agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
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Irrigated Land: 2,330
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Bordering Countries: Benin 773 km, Cameroon 1,690 km, Chad 87 km, Niger 1,497 km
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Natural Resources: natural gas, petroleum, tin, columbite, iron ore, coal, limestone, lead, zinc, arable land
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Geographical Terrain: southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in southeast, plains in north
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Comparative Area of Nigeria: slightly more than twice the size of California
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Nigeria's Geography: the Niger enters the country in the northwest and flows southward through tropical rain forests and swamps to its delta in the Gulf of Guinea
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Click Here for detailed information about the weather conditions in Nigeria.
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General Climate: varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north
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Natural Hazards: periodic droughts; flooding
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Economic Overview: The oil-rich Nigerian economy, long hobbled by political instability, corruption, and poor macroeconomic management, is undergoing substantial economic reform under the new civilian administration. Nigeria's former military rulers failed to diversify the economy away from overdependence on the capital-intensive oil sector, which provides 20% of GDP, 95% of foreign exchange earnings, and about 65% of budgetary revenues. The largely subsistence agricultural sector has failed to keep up with rapid population growth, and Nigeria, once a large net exporter of food, now must import food. Following the signing of an IMF stand-by agreement in August 2000, Nigeria received a debt-restructuring deal from the Paris Club and a $1 billion credit from the IMF, both contingent on economic reforms. The agreement was allowed to expire by the IMF in November 2001, however, and Nigeria appears unlikely to receive substantial multilateral assistance in 2002. Nonetheless, increases in foreign oil investment and oil production should push growth over 4% in 2002.
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GDP: $105,900,000,000 USD
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Currency: naira
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GDP per Capita: $840 USD
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Currency Code: NGN
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GDP Growth Rate: 3.50 %
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One $USD Equals: %fincurrencyequals% NGN
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Currency Exchange Rate History: nairas per US dollar - 115 (January 2002), 101.697 (2000), 92.338 (1999), 21.886 (1998), 21.886 (1997)
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GDP of Agriculture: 39.00 %
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GDP of Industry: 33.00 %
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GDP of Services: 28.00 % |
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Inflation Rate: 14.90 % |
Population in Poverty: 45.00 %
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Unemployment Rate: 28.00 %
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Tourism: 739,000.00 visitors each year
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Consumption by lowest 10%: 1.60 %
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Budget Revenue in USD: $3,400,000,000 USD
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Consumption by upper 10%: 40.80 %
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Budget Expenditures in USD: $3,600,000,000 USD
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Electricity Production: 15,900,000,000 kWh
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Electricity Exports: 19,000,000 kWh
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Electricity Consumption: 14,768,000,000 kWh
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Electricity Imports: 0 kWh
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Electricity Production by Source:
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Fossil Fuel Electricity Production: 64.15%
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Nuclear Electricity Production: 0.00%
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Hydro Electricity Production: 35.85%
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Other Electricity Production: 0.00%
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Oil Production: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Production: 0 cu m
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Oil Consumption: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Consumption: 0 cu m
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Oil Exports: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Exports: 0 cu m
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Oil Imports: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Imports: 0 cu m
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Proven Oil Reserves: 0 barrels
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Proven Natural Gas Reserves: 0 cu m
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External Debt: $32,000,000,000 USD |
Received in economic aid: $250,000,000 USD
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Donated in economic aid: $0 USD
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Agricultural Products: cocoa, peanuts, palm oil, corn, rice, sorghum, millet, cassava (tapioca), yams, rubber; cattle, sheep, goats, pigs; timber; fish
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Primary Industries: crude oil, coal, tin, columbite, palm oil, peanuts, cotton, rubber, wood, hides and skins, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food products, footwear, chemicals, fertilizer, printing, ceramics, steel
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Industrial Growth Rate: -0.30 %
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Import Amount in USD: $13,700,000,000 USD - machinery, chemicals, transport equipment, manufactured goods, food and live animals
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Import Partners: UK 11%, US 9%, France 9%, Germany 7%, China
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Export Amount in USD: $20,300,000,000 USD - petroleum and petroleum products 95%, cocoa, rubber
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Export Partners: US 46%, Spain 11%, India 6%, France 5%, Brazil
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GINI Index: 50.60%
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Labor Force Number of People: 66,000,000
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Labor Force by Occupations: agriculture 70%, industry 10%, services 20%
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Radio Broadcast Stations: 130 |
Number of People with Radios: 23,500,000 |
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Television Broadcast Stations: 3 |
Number of People with Televisions: 6,900,000 |
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Number of People with Mainline Telephones: 500,000 |
Number of People with Mobile Phones: 200,000 |
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Internet Service Providers: 11 |
Internet Users: 100,000 |
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Internet Country Code: .ng |
Newspapers: 27 |
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Two Letter Country Code: NI |
Weights and Measures: |
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Phone Country Code: 234 |
Electricity Voltage: Volts |
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Telephone Systems: general assessment: an inadequate system, further limited by poor maintenance; major expansion is required and a start has been made
domestic: intercity traffic is carried by coaxial cable, microwave radio relay, a domestic communications satellite system with 19 earth stations, and a coastal submarine cable; mobile cellular facilities and the Internet are available
international: satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean); coaxial submarine cable SAFE (South African Far East)
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Highways: 59,892 km |
Railways: 3,557 km
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Gas And Oil Pipelines: 5,542 km |
Waterways: 8,575 km
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Airports: 35 |
Heliports: 1
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Motor Vehicles: 1 per 1,000 people |
CO2 Emissions: 82,203,000 Metric Tons of CO2 per year |
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Per capita CO2 emissions: 0.80 Metric Tons of CO2 per year |
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Merchant Marines: total: 43 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 331,094 GRT/614,171 DWT
note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Bulgaria 1, Greece 1, Norway 1, Pakistan 1, Togo 1, United States 1 (2002 est.)
ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 7, chemical tanker 4, petroleum tanker 29, roll on/roll off 1, specialized tanker 1
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Ports and Harbors: Calabar, Lagos, Onne, Port Harcourt, Sapele, Warri
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Population: 129,934,911 people type - nationality |
Birth Rate: 39.22 births per 1,000 people |
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Population Density: 118.00 people per sq km |
Death Rate: 14.10 deaths per 1,000 people |
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Population Growth: 2.54% per year |
Fertility Rate per Women: 5.49 babies born per woman |
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Population Male 0-14: 28,503,211 |
Population Female 0-14: 28,156,976 |
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Population Male 15-64: 35,418,119 |
Population Female 15-64: 34,179,802 |
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Population Male 65+: 1,832,682 |
Population Female 65+: 1,844,121 |
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Population 0-14: 43.60% |
Literacy Rate: 57.10% |
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Population 15-64: 53.60% |
Literacy rate of Males: 67.30% |
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Population 65+: 2.80% |
Literacy rate of Females: 47.30% |
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Population that is Male: 51.50
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Population that is Female: 48.50% |
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Life expectancy at birth in years: 50.59 years |
Infant mortality rate - baby deaths per 1000 births: 72.49 Babies die per 1,000 births |
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Life expectancy at birth for Males: 50.58 years |
Life expectancy at birth for Females: 50.60 years |
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Rate of AIDS/HIV infection: 5.06%
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Number of people living with AIDS or HIV: 2,700,000
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Number of people who died of AIDS: 250,000 |
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Disease Risk:
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Diseases:
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Net Migration Rate per 1,000 people: 0.27
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Nationality: NIGERIAN
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Ethnic Groups: Nigeria, which is Africa's most populous country, is composed of more than 250 ethnic groups; the following are the most populous and politically influential: Hausa and Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo (Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5%
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Primary Language: English
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Other Languages: English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani
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Primary Religion: Muslim
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Other Religions: Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10%
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Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Police Force
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Manpower Fit to Serve: 18 years of age years
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Manpower Available: 30,808,598 People
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Manpower Fit to Serve: 17,698,911 People
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Amount of Manpower Available each Year: 1,375,112 People per year
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Expenditures: $374,900,000 USD per year
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Expenditures as a Percentage of GDP: 1.00
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Note: Phrasebase uses a variety of sources when compiling the facts and information presented above. This information is continually updated throughout the year.
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