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Background: Shortly after independence, Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged to form the nation of Tanzania in 1964. One-party rule came to an end in 1995 with the first democratic elections held in the country since the 1970s. Zanzibar's semi-autonomous status and popular opposition have led to two contentious elections since 1995, which the ruling party won despite international observers' claims of voting irregularities.
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Common Name: Tanzania
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Local Official Name: Tanzania
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Abbreviated Name: United Republic of Tanzania
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Official Name: Tanzania
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Official Script Name: Tanzania
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Local Common Name: Tanzania
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Former Name: United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar
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Territory of: NA
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Head of State: President Benjamin William MKAPA
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Government Type: republic
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Independence: 1964 April 26 (Tanganyika became independent 1961 Decem
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Constitution: 1977 April 25; major revisions 1984 October
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National Holiday: Union Day (Tanganyika and Zanzibar), 26 April
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International Organization Participation: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G- 6, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
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Administrative Divisions: 25 regions; Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Iringa, Kagera, Kigoma, Kilimanjaro, Lindi, Mara, Mbeya, Morogoro, Mtwara, Mwanza, Pemba North, Pemba South, Pwani, Rukwa, Ruvuma, Shinyanga, Singida, Tabora, Tanga, Zanzibar Central/South, Zanzibar North, Zanzibar Urban/West
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Dependent Areas: NA
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Legal System: based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
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Suffrage: 18 years of age years
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Executive, Legislative and Judicial Branches: Executive Branch:
chief of state: President Benjamin William MKAPA (since 23 November 1995); Vice President Dr. Ali Mohammed SHEIN (since 5 July 2001); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; Prime Minister Frederick SUMAYE (since NA) does not function as the head of government
head of government: President Benjamin William MKAPA (since 23 November 1995); Vice President Dr. Ali Mohammed SHEIN (since 5 July 2001); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; Prime Minister Frederick SUMAYE (since NA) does not function as the head of government
note: Zanzibar elects a president who is head of government for matters internal to Zanzibar; Amani Abeid KARUME was elected to that office on 29 October 2000
cabinet: Cabinet ministers, including the prime minister, are appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly
election results: Benjamin William MKAPA reelected president; percent of vote - Benjamin William MKAPA 71.7%, Ibrahim Haruna LIPUMBA 16.3%, Augustine Lyatonga MREME 7.8%, John Momose CHEYO 4.2%
elections: president and vice president elected on the same ballot by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 29 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2005); prime minister appointed by the president
Legislative Branch:
unicameral National Assembly or Bunge (274 seats - 232 elected by popular vote, 37 allocated to women nominated by the president, five to members of the Zanzibar House of Representatives; members serve five-year terms); note - in addition to enacting laws that apply to the entire United Republic of Tanzania, the Assembly enacts laws that apply only to the mainland; Zanzibar has its own House of Representatives to make laws especially for Zanzibar (the Zanzibar House of Representatives has 50 seats, directly elected by universal suffrage to serve five-year terms)
election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CCM 244, CUF 16, CHADEMA 4, TLP 3, UDP 2, Zanzibar representatives 5; Zanzibar House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CCM 34, CUF 16
elections: last held 29 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2005)
Judicial Branch:
Permanent Commission of Enquiry (official ombudsman); Court of Appeal (consists of a chief justice and four judges); High Court (consists of a Jaji Kiongozi and 29 judges appointed by the president; holds regular sessions in all regions); District Courts; Primary Courts (limited jurisdiction and appeals can be made to the higher courts)
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Party Leaders: Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo or CHADEMA [Bob MAKANI, chairman]; Chama Cha Mapinduzi or CCM (Revolutionary Party) [Benjamin William MKAPA, chairman]; Civic United Front or CUF [Seif Sharif HAMAD, secretary-general]; Democratic Party (unregistered) [Reverend Christopher MTIKLA]; National Convention for Construction and Reform or NCCR [James MBATIA, secretary general]; Tanzania Labor Party or TLP [Augustine Lyatonga MREMA, chairman]; Union for Multiparty Democracy or UMD [leader NA]; United Democratic Party or UDP [John CHEYO]
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International Disputes: Tanzania and Malawi maintain a largely dormant dispute over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and current location of historical boundary in the meandering Songwe River
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Illicit Drugs: growing role in transshipment of Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for South African, European, and US markets and of South Asian methaqualone bound for Southern Africa
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Location of Tanzania: Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Kenya and Mozambique
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Continent: Africa
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Land Area Total: 945,087 sq km
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Region: Central African |
Land Area Land: 886,037 sq km
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Capitol City: Dar es Salaam
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Land Area Water: 59,050 sq km
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Current:
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Latitude: 006 00 S
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Border Boundary Land: 3,402 km
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Longitude: 035 00 E
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Border Boundary Coastline: 1,424 km
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Arable Land: 4.00 %
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Pastures: 0.00 %
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Crops: 1.00 %
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Woodlands and Forests: 0.00
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Highest Elevation: 5,895 m
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Location: Kilimanjaro
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Lowest Elevation: 0 m
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Location: Indian Ocean
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Largest City in Tanzania: Dar es Salaam
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Dar es Salaam Largest City Population: 2,245,000
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Threatened Species: 379
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Environmental Issues: soil degradation; deforestation; desertification; destruction of coral reefs threatens marine habitats; recent droughts affected marginal agriculture; wildlife threatened by illegal hunting and trade, especially for ivory
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Environmental Agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban
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Irrigated Land: 1,550
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Bordering Countries: Burundi 451 km, Kenya 769 km, Malawi 475 km, Mozambique 756 km, Rwanda 217 km, Uganda 396 km, Zambia 338 km
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Natural Resources: hydropower, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones, gold, natural gas, nickel
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Geographical Terrain: plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south
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Comparative Area of Tanzania: slightly larger than twice the size of California
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Tanzania's Geography: Kilimanjaro is highest point in Africa; bordered by three of the largest lakes on the continent: Lake Victoria (the world's second-largest freshwater lake) in the north, Lake Tanganyika (the world's second deepest) in the west, and Lake Nyasa in the south
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Click Here for detailed information about the weather conditions in Tanzania.
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General Climate: varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands
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Natural Hazards: flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season; drought
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Economic Overview: Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world. The economy is heavily dependent on agriculture, which accounts for half of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs 80% of the work force. Topography and climatic conditions, however, limit cultivated crops to only 4% of the land area. Industry is mainly limited to processing agricultural products and light consumer goods. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and bilateral donors have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's deteriorated economic infrastructure. Growth in 1991-2001 featured a pickup in industrial production and a substantial increase in output of minerals, led by gold. Natural gas exploration in the Rufiji Delta looks promising and production could start by 2002. Recent banking reforms have helped increase private sector growth and investment. Continued donor support and solid macroeconomic policies should support steady real GDP growth of 5% in 2002 and 2003.
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GDP: $22,100,000,000 USD
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Currency: Tanzanian shilling
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GDP per Capita: $610 USD
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Currency Code: TZS
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GDP Growth Rate: 5.00 %
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One $USD Equals: %fincurrencyequals% TZS
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Currency Exchange Rate History: Tanzanian shillings per US dollar - 924.70 (January 2002), 876.41 (2001), 800.41 (2000), 744.76 (1999), 664.67 (1998), 612.12 (1997)
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GDP of Agriculture: 48.40 %
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GDP of Industry: 16.70 %
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GDP of Services: 34.90 % |
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Inflation Rate: 5.00 % |
Population in Poverty: 51.10 %
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Unemployment Rate: 0.00 %
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Tourism: 450,000.00 visitors each year
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Consumption by lowest 10%: 2.80 %
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Budget Revenue in USD: $1,010,000,000 USD
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Consumption by upper 10%: 30.10 %
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Budget Expenditures in USD: $1,380,000,000 USD
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Electricity Production: 2,765,000,000 kWh
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Electricity Exports: 0 kWh
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Electricity Consumption: 2,616,000,000 kWh
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Electricity Imports: 45,000,000 kWh
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Electricity Production by Source:
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Fossil Fuel Electricity Production: 18.08%
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Nuclear Electricity Production: 0.00%
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Hydro Electricity Production: 81.92%
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Other Electricity Production: 0.00%
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Oil Production: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Production: 0 cu m
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Oil Consumption: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Consumption: 0 cu m
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Oil Exports: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Exports: 0 cu m
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Oil Imports: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Imports: 0 cu m
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Proven Oil Reserves: 0 barrels
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Proven Natural Gas Reserves: 0 cu m
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External Debt: $6,800,000,000 USD |
Received in economic aid: $963,000,000 USD
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Donated in economic aid: $0 USD
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Agricultural Products: coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), cashew nuts, tobacco, cloves (Zanzibar), corn, wheat, cassava (tapioca), bananas, fruits, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats
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Primary Industries: primarily agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine), diamond and gold mining, oil refining, shoes, cement, textiles, wood products, fertilizer, salt
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Industrial Growth Rate: 8.40 %
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Import Amount in USD: $1,550,000,000 USD - consumer goods, machinery and transportation equipment, industrial raw materials, crude oil
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Import Partners: South Africa 11.5%, Japan 9.3%, UK 7.0%, Australia 6.2%
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Export Amount in USD: $827,000,000 USD - gold, coffee, cashew nuts, manufactures, cotton
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Export Partners: UK 22.0%, India 14.8%, Germany 9.9%, Netherlands 6.9%
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GINI Index: 38.20%
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Labor Force Number of People: 13,495,000
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Labor Force by Occupations: agriculture 80%, industry and services 20%
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Radio Broadcast Stations: 25 |
Number of People with Radios: 8,800,000 |
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Television Broadcast Stations: 3 |
Number of People with Televisions: 103,000 |
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Number of People with Mainline Telephones: 127,000 |
Number of People with Mobile Phones: 30,000 |
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Internet Service Providers: 6 |
Internet Users: 115,000 |
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Internet Country Code: .tz |
Newspapers: 4 |
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Two Letter Country Code: TZ |
Weights and Measures: |
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Phone Country Code: +255 |
Electricity Voltage: Volts |
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Telephone Systems: general assessment: fair system operating below capacity and being modernized for better service; VSAT (very small aperture terminal) system under construction
domestic: trunk service provided by open wire, microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and fiber-optic cable; some links being made digital
international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)
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Highways: 4,250 km |
Railways: 3,569 km
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Gas And Oil Pipelines: 982 km |
Waterways: 0 km
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Airports: 11 |
Heliports: 0
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Motor Vehicles: 2 per 1,000 people |
CO2 Emissions: 2,466,000 Metric Tons of CO2 per year |
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Per capita CO2 emissions: 0.10 Metric Tons of CO2 per year |
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Merchant Marines: total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 21,987 GRT/27,121 DWT
ships by type: cargo 2, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 1, short-sea passenger 1
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Ports and Harbors: Bukoba, Dar es Salaam, Kigoma, Kilwa Masoko, Lindi, Mtwara, Mwanza, Pangani, Tanga, Wete, Zanzibar
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Population: 37,187,939 people type - nationality |
Birth Rate: 39.12 births per 1,000 people |
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Population Density: 37.00 people per sq km |
Death Rate: 13.02 deaths per 1,000 people |
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Population Growth: 2.60% per year |
Fertility Rate per Women: 5.33 babies born per woman |
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Population Male 0-14: 8,338,764 |
Population Female 0-14: 8,247,789 |
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Population Male 15-64: 9,674,951 |
Population Female 15-64: 9,847,084 |
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Population Male 65+: 9,847,084 |
Population Female 65+: 595,591 |
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Population 0-14: 44.60% |
Literacy Rate: 67.80% |
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Population 15-64: 52.50% |
Literacy rate of Males: 79.40% |
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Population 65+: 2.90% |
Literacy rate of Females: 56.80% |
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Population that is Male: 49.50
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Population that is Female: 50.50% |
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Life expectancy at birth in years: 51.70 years |
Infant mortality rate - baby deaths per 1000 births: 77.85 Babies die per 1,000 births |
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Life expectancy at birth for Males: 50.76 years |
Life expectancy at birth for Females: 52.67 years |
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Rate of AIDS/HIV infection: 8.09%
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Number of people living with AIDS or HIV: 1,300,000
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Number of people who died of AIDS: 140,000 |
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Disease Risk:
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Diseases:
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Net Migration Rate per 1,000 people: -0.08
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Nationality: TANZANIAN
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Ethnic Groups: mainland - native African 99% (of which 95% are Bantu consisting of more than 130 tribes), other 1% (consisting of Asian, European, and Arab); Zanzibar - Arab, native African, mixed Arab and native African
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Primary Language: Kiswahili or Swahili
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Other Languages: Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguju (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar), many local languages note: Kiswahili (Swahili) is the m
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Primary Religion: Muslim
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Other Religions: mainland - Christian 30%, Muslim 35%, indigenous beliefs 35%; Zanzibar - more than 99% Muslim
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Branches: Tanzanian People's Defense Force (including Army, Navy, and Air Force), paramilitary Police Field Force Unit (including Police Marine Unit and Police Air Wing), territorial militia
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Manpower Fit to Serve: NA years
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Manpower Available: 8,636,817 People
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Manpower Fit to Serve: 4,997,257 People
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Amount of Manpower Available each Year: 0 People per year
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Expenditures: $19,000,000 USD per year
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Expenditures as a Percentage of GDP: 0.20
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Note: Phrasebase uses a variety of sources when compiling the facts and information presented above. This information is continually updated throughout the year.
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