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Background: French Togoland became Togo in 1960. General Gnassingbe EYADEMA, installed as military ruler in 1967, is Africa's longest-serving head of state. Despite the facade of multiparty elections instituted in the early 1990s, the government continues to be dominated by President EYADEMA, whose Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) party has maintained power almost continually since 1967. In addition, Togo has come under fire from international organizations for human rights abuses and is plagued by political unrest. Most bilateral and multilateral aid to Togo remains frozen.
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Common Name: Togo
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Local Official Name: Togo
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Abbreviated Name: Togolese Republic
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Official Name: Republique Togolaise
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Official Script Name: Togo
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Local Common Name: Togo
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Former Name: French Togoland
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Territory of: NA
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Head of State: President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA
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Government Type: republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule
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Independence: 1960 April 27 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)
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Constitution: multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council
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National Holiday: Independence Day, 27 April
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International Organization Participation: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIPONUH, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
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Administrative Divisions: 5 regions (regions, singular - region); De La Kara, Des Plateaux, Des Savanes, Centrale, Maritime
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Dependent Areas: NA
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Legal System: French-based court system
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Suffrage: NA years
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Executive, Legislative and Judicial Branches: Executive Branch:
chief of state: President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA (since 14 April 1967)
head of government: Prime Minister Agbeyome KODJO (since 29 August 2000)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president and the prime minister
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 21 June 1998 (next to be held NA 2003); prime minister appointed by the president
election results: Gnassingbe EYADEMA reelected president; percent of vote - Gnassingbe EYADEMA 52.13%, Gilchrist OLYMPIO 34.12%, other 13.75%
Legislative Branch:
unicameral National Assembly (81 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 21 March 1999 (next was tentatively scheduled for March 2002, however, it was postponed with no new date given)
note: Togo's main opposition parties boycotted the election because of EYADEMA's alleged manipulation of 1998 presidential polling; in March of 1999, opposition parties entered into negotiations with the president over the establishment of an independent electoral commission and a new round of legislative elections
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPT 79, independents 2
Judicial Branch:
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
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Party Leaders: Action Committee for Renewal or CAR [Yawovi AGBOYIBO]; Coordination des Forces Nouvelles or CFN [Joseph KOFFIGOH]; Democratic Convention of African Peoples or CDPA [Leopold GNININVI]; Party for Democracy and Renewal or PDR [Zarifou AYEVA]; Patriotic Pan-African Convergence or CPP [Edem KODJO]; Rally of the Togolese People or RPT [President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA]; Union of Forces for Change or UFC [Gilchrist OLYMPIO (in exile), Jean Pierre FABRE, general secretary in Togo]; Union of Independent Liberals or ULI [Jacques AMOUZOU]
note: Rally of the Togolese People or RPT, led by President EYADEMA, was the only party until the formation of multiple parties was legalized 12 April 1991
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International Disputes: Benin accuses Togo of moving boundary markers and stationing troops in its territory
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Illicit Drugs: transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers
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Location of Togo: Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Benin and Ghana
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Continent: Africa
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Land Area Total: 56,785 sq km
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Region: Western African |
Land Area Land: 54,385 sq km
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Capitol City: Lome
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Land Area Water: 2,400 sq km
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Current:
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Latitude: 008 00 N
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Border Boundary Land: 1,647 km
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Longitude: 001 10 E
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Border Boundary Coastline: 56 km
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Arable Land: 41.00 %
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Pastures: 0.00 %
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Crops: 2.00 %
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Woodlands and Forests: 0.00
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Highest Elevation: 986 m
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Location: Mont Agou
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Lowest Elevation: 0 m
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Location: Atlantic Ocean
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Largest City in Togo: Lom
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Lom Largest City Population: 790,000
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Threatened Species: 0
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Environmental Issues: deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; water pollution presents health hazards and hinders the fishing industry; air pollution increasing in urban areas
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Environmental Agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
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Irrigated Land: 70
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Bordering Countries: Benin 644 km, Burkina Faso 126 km, Ghana 877 km
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Natural Resources: phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land
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Geographical Terrain: gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes
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Comparative Area of Togo: slightly smaller than West Virginia
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Togo's Geography: the country's length allows it to stretch through six distinct geographic regions; climate varies from tropical to savanna
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Click Here for detailed information about the weather conditions in Togo.
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General Climate: tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north
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Natural Hazards: hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts
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Economic Overview: This small sub-Saharan economy is heavily dependent on both commercial and subsistence agriculture, which provides employment for 65% of the labor force. Some basic foodstuffs must still be imported. Cocoa, coffee, and cotton generate about 40% of export earnings, with cotton being the most significant cash crop despite falling prices on the world market. Political unrest, including private and public sector strikes throughout 1992 and 1993, jeopardized the reform program, shrunk the tax base, and disrupted vital economic activity. The 12 January 1994 devaluation of the XOF currency by 50% provided an important impetus to renewed structural adjustment. In the industrial sector, phosphate mining is by far the most important activity. Togo is the world's fourth largest producer, and geological advantages keep production costs low. The recently privatized mining operation, Office Togolais des Phosphates (OTP), is slowly recovering from a steep fall in prices in the early 1990's, but continues to face the challenge of tough foreign competition, exacerbated by weakening demand. Togo serves as a regional commercial and trade center. It continues to expand its duty-free export-processing zone (EPZ), launched in 1989, which has attracted enterprises from France, Italy, Scandinavia, the US, India, and China and created jobs for Togolese nationals. The government's decade-long effort, supported by the World Bank and the IMF, to implement economic reform measures, encourage foreign investment, and bring revenues in line with expenditures has stalled. Progress depends on following through on privatization, increased openness in government financial operations, progress towards legislative elections, and possible downsizing of the military, on which the regime has depended to stay in place. Lack of large-scale foreign aid, deterioration of the financial sector, energy shortages, and depressed commodity prices continue to constrain economic growth. The takeover of the national power company by a Franco-Canadian consortium in 2000 should ease the energy crisis.
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GDP: $7,600,000,000 USD
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Currency: Communaute Financiere Africaine franc
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GDP per Capita: $1,500 USD
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Currency Code: XOF
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GDP Growth Rate: 2.20 %
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One $USD Equals: %fincurrencyequals% XOF
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Currency Exchange Rate History: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 741.79 (January 2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997); note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro
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GDP of Agriculture: 42.00 %
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GDP of Industry: 21.00 %
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GDP of Services: 37.00 % |
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Inflation Rate: 2.30 % |
Population in Poverty: 32.00 %
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Unemployment Rate: 0.00 %
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Tourism: 70,000.00 visitors each year
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Consumption by lowest 10%: 0.00 %
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Budget Revenue in USD: $232,000,000 USD
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Consumption by upper 10%: 0.00 %
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Budget Expenditures in USD: $252,000,000 USD
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Electricity Production: 97,000,000 kWh
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Electricity Exports: 0 kWh
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Electricity Consumption: 525,210,000 kWh
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Electricity Imports: 435,000,000 kWh
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Electricity Production by Source:
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Fossil Fuel Electricity Production: 97.94%
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Nuclear Electricity Production: 0.00%
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Hydro Electricity Production: 2.06%
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Other Electricity Production: 0.00%
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Oil Production: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Production: 0 cu m
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Oil Consumption: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Consumption: 0 cu m
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Oil Exports: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Exports: 0 cu m
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Oil Imports: 0 barrels per day
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Natural Gas Imports: 0 cu m
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Proven Oil Reserves: 0 barrels
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Proven Natural Gas Reserves: 0 cu m
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External Debt: $1,500,000,000 USD |
Received in economic aid: $201,100,000,000 USD
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Donated in economic aid: $0 USD
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Agricultural Products: coffee, cocoa, cotton, yams, cassava (tapioca), corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock; fish
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Primary Industries: phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement; handicrafts, textiles, beverages
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Industrial Growth Rate: 0.00 %
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Import Amount in USD: $420,000,000 USD - machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products
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Import Partners: Ghana 26%, France 11%, China 7%, Cote d'Ivoire 7%
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Export Amount in USD: $306,000,000 USD - cotton, phosphates, coffee, cocoa
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Export Partners: Benin 12%, Nigeria 9%, Belgium 5%, Ghana 4%
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GINI Index: 0.00%
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Labor Force Number of People: 1,740,000
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Labor Force by Occupations: agriculture 65%, industry 5%, services 30%
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Radio Broadcast Stations: 15 |
Number of People with Radios: 940,000 |
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Television Broadcast Stations: 3 |
Number of People with Televisions: 73,000 |
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Number of People with Mainline Telephones: 25,000 |
Number of People with Mobile Phones: 2,995 |
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Internet Service Providers: 3 |
Internet Users: 20,000 |
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Internet Country Code: .tg |
Newspapers: 4 |
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Two Letter Country Code: TG |
Weights and Measures: |
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Phone Country Code: +228 |
Electricity Voltage: Volts |
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Telephone Systems: general assessment: fair system based on a network of microwave radio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines and a mobile cellular system
domestic: microwave radio relay and open-wire lines for conventional system; cellular system has capacity of 10,000 telephones
international: satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Symphonie
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Highways: 2,376 km |
Railways: 525 km
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Gas And Oil Pipelines: 0 km |
Waterways: 50 km
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Airports: 2 |
Heliports: 0
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Motor Vehicles: 25 per 1,000 people |
CO2 Emissions: 0 Metric Tons of CO2 per year |
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Per capita CO2 emissions: 0.00 Metric Tons of CO2 per year |
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Merchant Marines: total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,603 GRT/2,800 DWT
ships by type: specialized tanker 1
note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Greece 1
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Ports and Harbors: Kpeme, Lome
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Population: 5,285,501 people type - nationality |
Birth Rate: 36.11 births per 1,000 people |
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Population Density: 79.00 people per sq km |
Death Rate: 11.30 deaths per 1,000 people |
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Population Growth: 2.48% per year |
Fertility Rate per Women: 5.14 babies born per woman |
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Population Male 0-14: 1,195,052 |
Population Female 0-14: 1,187,014 |
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Population Male 15-64: 1,351,345 |
Population Female 15-64: 1,420,617 |
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Population Male 65+: 56,270 |
Population Female 65+: 75,203 |
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Population 0-14: 45.10% |
Literacy Rate: 51.70% |
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Population 15-64: 52.40% |
Literacy rate of Males: 67.00% |
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Population 65+: 2.50% |
Literacy rate of Females: 37.00% |
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Population that is Male: 48.50
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Population that is Female: 51.50% |
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Life expectancy at birth in years: 54.02 years |
Infant mortality rate - baby deaths per 1000 births: 69.32 Babies die per 1,000 births |
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Life expectancy at birth for Males: 52.03 years |
Life expectancy at birth for Females: 56.07 years |
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Rate of AIDS/HIV infection: 5.98%
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Number of people living with AIDS or HIV: 130,000
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Number of people who died of AIDS: 14,000 |
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Disease Risk:
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Diseases:
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Net Migration Rate per 1,000 people: 0.00
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Nationality: TOGOLESE
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Ethnic Groups: native African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1%
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Primary Language: French
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Other Languages: French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)
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Primary Religion: indigenous beliefs
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Other Religions: indigenous beliefs 51%, Christian 29%, Muslim 20%
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Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie
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Manpower Fit to Serve: NA years
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Manpower Available: 1,220,758 People
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Manpower Fit to Serve: 640,280 People
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Amount of Manpower Available each Year: 0 People per year
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Expenditures: $21,900,000 USD per year
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Expenditures as a Percentage of GDP: 1.80
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Note: Phrasebase uses a variety of sources when compiling the facts and information presented above. This information is continually updated throughout the year.
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