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Dawnlorraine
Tagalog Administrator :Moderator:
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From: Quezon City
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Filipino 101
Filipino 101
I looked at the topics and upon seeing the contents, I thought I might post a series of Filipino lessons, starting from the Filipino alphabet. So here it goes:
The Official Filipino Alphabet
The official Filipino alphabet (as decreed in 1987) comprises 28 letters -- the 26 letters of the English alphabet plus ñ and ng.
a b c d e f g
h i j k l m n
ñ ng o p q r s
t u v w x y z
Previously, the alphabet taught to Filipino children in Philippine schools consisted of 31 letters -- the basic ABAKADA Tagalog alphabet, as developed by Lope K. Santos in the 1930s, plus c, ch, f, j, ll, ñ, q, rr, v, x, and z.
Note: In 2001, the Commission on the Filipino Language (Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino) issued "Revisyon ng Alfabeto at Patnubay sa Ispeling ng Wikang Filipino" -- revised guidelines on the use of c, f, j, ñ, q, v, x, and z. Notice the spelling of "revisyon," "alfabeto," and "ispeling."
Source:
http://www.tagaloglang.com/alphabet.htm
Hereunder are letters in the Filipino Alphabet that are pronounced as follows:
1. C- K, S
C is pronounced as K if the succeeding vowel is either a, o, or u
Halimbawa (Example):
Filipino - Spanish - English
kusina - cocina - kitchen
kaso - caso - case
Komidor - comidor - dining room
2. CH - TS, S
Halimbawa (Example):
Filipino Spanish English
Tsinelas - Chinelas - Slipper
Kutsaron - Cucharon - Laddle
Tsokolate - Chocolate - Chocolate
3. F - P
Halimbawa:
Filipino - Spanish - English
pista - fiesta - fiesta (feast)
pabor - favor - favor
pabrika - fabrica - factory
4. J - H, S
Halimbawa:
Filipino - Spanish - English
sabon - jabon - soap
hustisya - justicia - justice
hardin - jardin - garden
5. LL - Ly, Y, Liy
Halimbawa:
Filipino - Spanish - English
Kastilyo - castillo - castle
Sipilyo - cepillo - toothbrush
Sibuyas - cebollas - onion
6. N - Ny
Halimbawa:
Filipino - Spanish - English
Sinyorita - Señorita - Miss
kanyon - cañon - canon
pinya - piña - pineapple
7. Q - K
Halimbawa:
Filipino - Spanish - English
keso - queso - cheese
makina - maquina - machine
tanke - tanke - tank
8. RR - R
Halimbawa:
Filipino - Spanish - English
Karosa - carroza - carriage
karera - carrera - race
baril - barril - gun
9. V - B
Halimbawa:
Filipino - Spanish - English
bintana - ventana - window
bakante - vacante - vacant
labandera - lavandera - laundrywoman
10. X - Ks H
Halimbawa:
Tagalog - Spanish - English
boksing - - boxing
taksi - taxi - taxi
Mehiko - Mexico - Mexico
11. Z - S
Halimbawa:
Filipino - Spanish - English
siper - - - zipper
sapatos - zapatos - shoes
serbesa - cerveza - beer
_________________________
"For a long time it had seemed to me that life was about to begin — real life. But there was always some obstacle in the way. Something to be got through first, some unfinished business, time still to be served, a debt to be paid. Then life would begin. At last it dawned on me that these obstacles were my life."
-Fr. Alfred D'Souza
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7 Oct 05 |
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Dawnlorraine
Tagalog Administrator :Moderator:
Posts: 3482
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From: Quezon City
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Gamit ng May at Mayroon
The use of {b]May has, have and mayroonhas, have
Ang May- pronounced like "my" in English ay ginagamit kapag ang sumusinod na salita ay pangngalan, pang-uri, pang-abay ay pandiwa.
May is used if the word that follows is either a noun, adjective, adverb, or verb
Halimbawa:
a) May bata (noun) sa duyan. There's a child in the cradle.
b) May magandang (adjective) tanawin sa Lawa ng Laguna. There's a beautiful scene in Laguna Bay
k. May nag-aaro (verb) sa bukid. There's (someone) plowing the field.
d. Maybukas pang darating. There's still tomorrow to come
Ang May ay ginagamit din kapag ang sumunod na salita ay isang panghalip na paari.
May is also used when followed by an article mga and preposition sa
Halimbawa:
May mga taong sumpungin. There (May) are moody people.
Tayo ay may mga tungkulin sa ating bayan. We have duties to our nation
Mayroon shall be discussed tomorrow.
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Last edited by: dawn_lorraine on 8 Oct 05
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7 Oct 05 |
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Dawnlorraine
Tagalog Administrator :Moderator:
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From: Quezon City
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Ang Mayroon ay ginagamit kapag sinusunda ng kataga, tulad ng din, daw, yata.
Halimbawa:
Mayroon yata siyang gustong sabihin sa iyo. I think she/he has something to tell you or It looks like she/he wants to tell you something
Mayroon is used if it is followed by a personal pronoun in the possisive form.
Halimbawa:
Mayroon kaming inihahandang palatuntunan para sa Linggo ng Wika. We have a program prepared for the Langiuage Week
Ang mayroon ay ginagamit bilang panagot sa tanong. Mayroon is used to answer a question.
Halimbawa:
Tanong Question:
May klase ka pa ba? Do you still have a class?
Answer Sagot:
Oo, mayroon pa. Yes, I still have.
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8 Oct 05 |
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Sk8More
Active Member
Posts: 222
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From: Edgewood,MD,NO pref
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So a quick question then Titser is pronounced Ti-cher .
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Last edited by: Sk8More on 10 Oct 05
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10 Oct 05 |
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Dawnlorraine
Tagalog Administrator :Moderator:
Posts: 3482
Joined: 18 May 05
From: Quezon City
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Right Sk8more.
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10 Oct 05 |
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Dawnlorraine
Tagalog Administrator :Moderator:
Posts: 3482
Joined: 18 May 05
From: Quezon City
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Mga Bahagi ng Pananalita
Parts of Speech
Pangngalan - Noun
Panghalip - Pronoun
Pang-uri - Adjective
Pandiwa - Verb
Pang-abay - Adverb
Pangatnig - Conjunction
Pandamdam - Interjection
Pantukoy - Preposition
Pang-ukol - Article
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Last edited by: dawn_lorraine on 21 Nov 05
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19 Nov 05 |
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Dawnlorraine
Tagalog Administrator :Moderator:
Posts: 3482
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From: Quezon City
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Okay, I'll discuss each part of speech. I'll start with Pangngalan - noun.
Uri (types):
A.Pangngalang Pambalana (common noun). Ito ay tumutukoy sa tao, pook o bagay sa pangkalahatang diwa at karaniwang nagsisimula sa maliit na titik. This refers to a person, place or thing in a general sense that always start with a small letter.
Mga halimbawa – examples:
aklat – book
ulan – rain
tubig – water
pusa – cat
dagat - sea
laot - ocean
B.Pangngalang Pantangi (proper noun). Ito ay tumutukoy sa isang particular o tanging tao, hayop, bagay, pook o pangyayari. Ito ay palaging nagsisimula sa malaking titik.This refers to name of a specific person, animal, thing, place or event. This always starts with a capital letter.
Mga halimbawa:
Maria
Willy (the whale)
Egypt
Independence Day
Iba pang uri ng Pangngalan (other types of noun):
A.Tahas (concrete noun) Ito ay tumutukoy sa mga bagay na nararamdaman ng diwang pangangatawan: hipo, paningin, panlasa, pandinig at pang-amoy. This refers to things perceived by the physical senses: touch, sight, taste, hearing, and smell.
Mga halimbawa (Examples):
mangga – mango
pabango - perfume
kulay – color
unan – pillow
B.Basal (abstract noun) Ito ay tumutukoy na anumang bagay na hindi nararamdaman ng limang diwang pangangatawan,at ito ay kabaligtaran ng pangngalang tahas. This refers to anything that you cannot perceive by the five physical senses.
Dalawang uri ng basal na pangngalan - Two types of abstract nouns
a)Palansak o di nabibilang (uncountable)
halimbawa (example):
kabataan – childhood
katarungan – justice
hangin – air
b) di-palansak o nabibilang countable
Mga halimbawa - examples:
taon – year
araw – day
sangay – branch (of government or office, not branch of a tree)
Kailanan (number):
A. Isahan - singular
mga halimbawa (examples)
buto – seed
bunga – fruit
papel – paper
lampara – lamp
Ito ay gumagamit ng mga pantukoy na: ang, ng, si, kay, at ni. This uses the articles ang (the), ng (of), si, kay (or, of,) ni (by [a person]).
B. Dalawahan - dual
Halimbawa (example):
mag-asawa – (married) couple
magkaibigan – friends
magkatuwang – partner
magkasintahan – lovers
Ito ay madalas ginagamitan ng salitang ‘kapwa’. The dual noun usually use yhe word ‘kapwa’ (both).
C.Maramihan - plural nagagawang maramihan ang isahan sa pamamagitan ng pagdagdag ng mga sumusunod ng mga katagang: ang mga, ng mga, sa mga, daan-daang (hundreds), libu-libong (thousands)singualar nouns are made plural by adding 'ang mga', 'ng mga'. 'sa mga', 'daan-daang' (hundreds), 'libu=libong' (thousands)..
Ito ay gumagamit ng mga pangtukoy ang mga, ng mga. This uses the article 'the' (and noun word plus ‘s’ or ‘es’)
Kaanyuan (Form)
A. Payak (simple) – Ito ay pangngalan na walang lapi, at kadalasan ay salitang ugat. This is a noun with no affixes, almost always a root word.
Mga halimbawa-examples:
tao – person
manok – chicken
gamot - medicine
B. Maylapi - affixed– Itong mga pangngalang ito ay maylapi ayon sa sumusunod: These nouns are affixed as follows:
a. Prefix – unlapi mga halimbawa – examples:
Manggagamot – doctor (root word is gamot, which means medicine)
Or:
Mandaragat – fisherman, root word is dagat, which means sea
Note that if the first syllable of the root word is ‘da’,(in dagat) it is supposed to be repeated as ‘mandadagat’ for fisherman, but it changes to a more correct noun ‘mandaragat’
Another example:
Mananayaw – dancer, root word is sayaw which means to dance
Note again, that if the first syllable to of root word is ‘sa’ (in sayaw) and to make a noun out of the root word, it is supposed to become ‘mangsasayaw’, but it is changed to a more correct noun ‘mananayaw’
Another similar example:
Maniningil – Debt collector, root word: singil which means to collect payment for debt
Again, the first syllable of the root word ‘si’ is repeated, and supposed to be ‘mangsisingil’ but it is changed to ‘maninigil’
b. Infix – gitlapi
mga halimbawa – examples:
Sinaing - cooked rice, root word is saing, which means to cook
Tinapa – smoked fish , root word is tapa which means to smoke
c. Suffix – hulapi
mga halimabawa – examples:
bigasan – rice dispenser, root word is bigas, which means rice)
silangan – east, root word is silang which means to rise or be born
gupitan – barber shop, root word is gupit, which means to cut (hair or nail or grass)
d. Kabilaan (both sides) – Kung ang salitang pangngalan ay may unlapi at hulapi. When the noun word is prefixed and suffixed.
Mga halimbawa:
Palaruan – playground , root word is laro which means to play
Pagamutan – hospital, root word: gamot – medicine
e. Laguhan – kung ang salitang ugat ay may unlapi, may gitlapi, at may hulapi. When the root word is prefixed, infexed and suffixed.
Mga halimbawa:
Sansinukuban –the whole world --- san as unlapi (prefix), in as gitlapi -infix and an as hulapi (suffix) (root word: sukob – shelter
Napagsusumikapan – accomplishment (literal meaning is what had been strived for) – napag as [iiprefix, um as ifix, an as suffix. Root word: sikap – to strive
Tagapagdinuguan – blood dish cook, literal meaning is the one assigned to cook the blood dish: tagapag prefix, in as infix, an as suffix. Root word: dugo – blood.
C. Inuulit (repeated) – Kung ang salitang pangngalan ay inuulit, o salitang ugat, o payak o kaya nama’y maylapi. When the noun word is repeated, or the root word, or simple noun, or affixed.
Mga halimbawa:
Bahay-bahayan – playhouse, root word is bahay, which means house
Tau-tauhan – robot, root word is tao – human being, person
example in a sentence:
Tinuturing mong parang tau-tauhan ang kaibigan mo – You are treating your friend like a robot.
Kuro-kuro – opinion
Alaala – memory, remembrance
Kilikili – armpit
Binibini – lady
Paruparo – butterfly
C. Tambalan (compound) – kung ang pangngalan ay binubuo ng dalawang salitang magka-iba ang kahulugan. When the noun is made up of 2 words with different meanings.
Mga halimbawa:
Dahong palay – isang uri ng ahas (a kind of snake):
Dahon – leaf
palay – rice
Bahag-hari - rainbow:
Bahag – g-string
Hari – king
Buntong-hininga - sigh:
Bunton – heap or bunch
Hininga – breath
Dalang-tao - pregnant
Dala – bring
Tao – human being, person
Hampas-lupa - vagabond
Hampas – to whip or hit
Lupa – soil
Without the hyphen, these compound words can be written as:
Dahumpalay – kind of snake
Bahaghari – rainbow
Buntonghininga - sigh
Dalantao – pregnant
Hampaslupa - vagabond
Kasarian (Gender)
A. panlalalaki – masculine
hari (king)
prinsipe (prince)
B.Pambabae – Feminine
reyna (queen)
prinsesa (princess)
Common- di-tiyak
manlalangoy - swimmer
guro - teacher
Neuter – walang kasarian
mesa - table
kusina - kitchen
Feel free to ask questions
Next topic: Panghalip - pronoun
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Last edited by: dawn_lorraine on 24 Nov 05
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24 Nov 05 |
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Dawnlorraine
Tagalog Administrator :Moderator:
Posts: 3482
Joined: 18 May 05
From: Quezon City
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Here's the next lesson:
Ang Panghalip – The Pronoun
Ang panghalip ay isang bahagi ng pananalita na ginagamit na panghalili sa pangngalan. A pronoun is a part of speech that is used in place of a noun
Halimbawa – Example
Si Andres Bonifacio ay isang bayani. Siya ang nagtatag ng Katipunan. Andres Bonifacio (noun) is a hero. He (noun used in place of Andres Bonifacio founded Katipunan.
Mga Uri ng Panghalip – Kinds of Pronouns:
1. Panghalip na panao – Personal Pronoun – ang panghalip na panao ay ginagamit na panghalili sa pangalan ng tao.Am personal pronoun is used in place of a name of a person
Ang mga sumusunod ay mga panghalip na panao The following are personal pronouns:
Ako – I akin – mine
Ko – me kita, kata
Kami – We amin – ours
Atin – our kayo – you (plural)
Inyo – yours (plural iyo – yours (singular)
Mo - you siya – he/she
Kaniya –his/hers kanila – theirs
1. Panauhan ng panghalip na panao – persons of personal pronoun
1.a1. Unang panauhan – first person – kumakausap (speaker)
Halimbawa:
Ako – I
Akin – mine
Ko – me
Kita (more like me to you - I love you - Iniibig kita; Sinisinta kita; Minamahal kita; Iniirog kita)
Kami – us
Namin – us
Atin – ours
Natin – us
Amin –ours
1.a.2. Ikalawang panauhan – Second person – kinakausap (spoken to)
Halimbawa:
Ikaw, ka, mo, you – you
Kayo, ninyo – your
1.a.3. Ikatlong panauhan – third person pinag-uusapan – the one talked about
Halimbawa:
Siya – he/she
Kaniya – his/hers
Niya – him/her
Nila, kanila – them
Sila - they
1.b.1 Kailanan ng panghalip – Number of pronoun
1.b.1.a Isahan Singular
Halimbawa:
Ako – I
Akin – mine
Ko – me
Ikaw, ka – you
Iyo, mo – your
1.b.1b Dalawahan – Duo
Halimbawa: kita – us
1.b.1.b Maramihan – Plural
Kami – we; tayo – we; amin –ours; naming – our; atin – ours; kayo – you (plural); inyo – yours (plural) ninyo – you, sila – they; kanila –theirs; nila – them
2. Panghalip na Pamatlig – Demonstrative Pronoun – Ang panghalip na pamatlig ay ginagamit sa pagtututo ng tao, hayop, bagay, lunan at pangyayari. A demonstrative pronoun is used to identify a person, animal, thing or event.
Mga panghalip na pamatlig na malapit sa nagsasalita. Demonstrative pronouns which are close to the speaker:
ito, ire, niri, nito, ganito, ganire – this
Mga panghalip na pamatlig na malapit sa kinakausap. Demonstrative pronouns which are close to the peson spoken to:
iyan – that
niya – her/his
ayan, hayan diyan – there
Mga panghalip na pamatlig na malayo sa nag-uusap. Demonstrative pronouns that are far from the person talking to each other:
ayun, hayun – there
iyon, yaon, niyon, noon, doon – that
3. Panghalip na Patanong – Interrogatove Pronoun – Ito ay panghalip na kumakatawan ng pangalan ng tao o bagay. This pronoun is used to represent the name of a person or thing sa anyong patanong. This is used to represent a person or thing in an interrogative form
Halimbawa:
Ano – what
Anu-ano – what are
Sino – who
Sinu-sino – who are
Alin – Which
Alin-alin – Which ones
Nino – whom
4. Panghalip na pamanggit – ito ay walang katumbas sa Ingles nguni’t ito ay pamanggit sa anyong pang-angkop na kumakatawan sa pangngalan. Ito ay ginagamit na simuno ng sugnay na pang-uri. This has no English term equivalent however, this is used to express in the form of ligature torepresent a noun. This is used as subject in an adjectival clause
Halimbawa:
1. Ang punong mangga na na itinanim ni Juan ay namumunga na. The mango tree which John planted is bearing fruits
2. Ang taong marunong tumanaw ng utang na loob ay madalas kinagigiliwan. A man who recognizes debt of gratitude is often appreciated
5.Panghalip na Panaklaw – Indefinite Pronoun ay sumasaklaw ng dami, kaisahan o kalahatan. {i]This covers the quantity, singularity or generality.
Halimbawa:
1. Ang lahat ay nakikinig sa panauhing tagapagtalumpati. Everyone is listening to the guest speaker.
2. Ang madla ay pinag-iingat ng pamahalaan tungkol sa mga nakakahawang sakit. The masses are cautioned to be aware of contagious diseases.
Iba pang mga panghalip na panaklaw – other indefinite pronouns:
Sinuman – whoever
Anuman – whatever
Alinman – whichever
Pawing, lahat – all or everyone
Kasarian ng Panghalip – Pronoun Gender
1. Pambabae – Feminine
2. Panlalaki – Musculine
3. Di-tiyak – common
Kaukulan ng Panghalip – Pronoun Case
1. Kaukulang palagyo – Subjective case - kung ito ay ginagamit bilang simuno ng pangungusap. if this is used as subject in the sentence
Halimbawa:
1. Siya ay nakahandang tumulong sa mga batang langsangan. He is ready to help the street children
2. Tayo ay nakapag-ipon ng sapat na salapi. We have saved enough money.
3. Sila ay mga taong maasahan. They are people who can be relied on.
2. Kaukulang Paari – Possesive case. Ito ay nagsasaad ng pang-aangkin nag isang bagay sa loob ng pangungusap. It shows ownership of something in the sentence
Halimbawa:
1. Their farm is not far from here. Ang bukid nila ay hindi malayo mula ditto.
2. My father is a fisherman. Ang aking ama ay isang mangingisda.
3. Kaukulang Palayon – Objective Case ay ginagamit na layon ng pang-ukol o pandiwa. is a pronoun used as object of preposition or verb.
Halimbawa:
1. Ito ay mabuti para sa atin. This is good for us.
2. Ang bukid ay inararo niya. The farm was plowed by him.
Coming up next: Pang-uri
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Last edited by: dawn_lorraine on 27 Nov 05
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24 Nov 05 |
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Wow!
You rock at filling up a topic ^^-
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30 Nov 05 |
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Sk8More
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Miss Dawn is it okay if I submit some of this information to a yahoo group?
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1 Dec 05 |
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Dawnlorraine
Tagalog Administrator :Moderator:
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From: Quezon City
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Of course it is okay, Sk8more! Thanks a lot And thank you too, Crypto_Creature.
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1 Dec 05 |
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Dawnlorraine
Tagalog Administrator :Moderator:
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From: Quezon City
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Pang-uri - Adjective
My apologies... this is long overdue
Ang Pang-uri ay bahagi ng pananalitang nagbibigay turing sa pangngalan o panghalip.
An adjective is a part of speech that modifies a noun or a pronoun.
tuyong dahon � dry leaf
batang masaya - happy child
Sila�y magaganda - They are beautiful
Kayo�y malulusog - You (plural) are healthy
Uri ng Pang-uri
A. Panlarawan � Qualitative/Descriptive ay mga pang-uring naglalarawan ng kulay, hugis, anyo o katangi-an ng tao, bagay, lunan o pangyayari. are adjectives that describe the color, shape, form or characteristics of a person, thing, place or event.
Halimbawa:
Pumunta kami sa malayong bayan.
We went to a far town.
Tayo ngayon ay may bagong pag-asa.
We now have a new hope.
Ang Cebu ay isang lalawigang maunlad.
Cebu is a progressive province.
Ang pasan niya ay mabigat.
His load is heavy.
B. Pamilang- Quatitative isang pang-uring nagbibigay dami, bilang o kabuuan. is an adjective that describes quantity, number, or whole.
Ang mga pang-uring pamilang ay ang mga sumusunod:
The following are kinds of quantitative adjectives:
1. Patakaran � Ito ay ang karaniwang paraan ng pagbilang. {i]This is the usual way of counting
Halimbawa:
Sampung mag-aaral ang tumanggap ng paghanga.
Ten students received appreciation.
Sanlibong punongkahoy ang itinanim ng mga magsasaka.
A thousand trees were planted by the farmers.
2. Panunuran nagsasaad ng ayos o pagkakasunud-sunod ng mga tao o bagay. denotes order or sequence of a person, thing or event
Halimbawa:
Siya ay ikalawang humingi ng tulong.
She/He was the second who asked for help.
Ako ay ikalima sa hanay.
I am fifth in line.
3. Patakda ito ay nagsasaad ng tiyak o hustong bilang. this describes a definite count.
Note: Karaniwang inuulit ang unang pantig ng salitang ugat sa pang-uring patakda. The first syllabus of the root word of an adjective is usually repeated in pang-uring patakda.
Halimbawa:
Sasampung piso ang natira sa pera niya.
Only ten pesos was left of her/his money.
Si Teresa ay nag-iisang anak.
Teresa is an only child.
4. Pahalaga Ito ay tumuturing sa halaga ng isang bagay. This describes the cost of a thing.
Halimbawa:
Tiglilimampiso ang bili ko sa mga aklat na ito.
I bought these books for 50 pesos each.
Mamera ngayon ang halaga ng mga bayabas.
Guavas now cost a cent each.
5. Pamahagi � nagsasaad ng pagbabahagi ng isang kabuuan. describes the parts of a whole.
Halimbawa:
Kalahatiang ibinigay ko sa kanyang buwanang sahud.
I gave her/him half of her/his monthly salary.
Kunin mo ang ikatlo ng pizza.
Take one-third of the pizza.
Tatlong-kapat ang nabawas diyan.
Three-fourth of it is taken.
6. Palansak � nagsasaad ng maramihan o minsanang bagay. describes mass quantity or the definite quantitative feature of an object
Halimbawa:
Daang-libong piso ang pinuhunan ko sa kalakal.
I invested hundreds of thousand pesos in the business.
Ang sasakyang ito ay may upuangpandalawahan.
This is a two-seater car.
Mga anyo ng pag-uri � forms of adjective
1. Payak - simple Ito ay binubuo ng salitang ugat at walang panlapi. This is composed of a root word and has no affix
Halimbawa:
Namangha ako sa ganda ng Bulkang Mayon.
I was amazed by the beauty of mayon Volcano.
Ang ina ay dakila para sa karamihan.
A mother is great for most people.
2. Maylapi � affixed Ito ay pang-uring binubuo ng salitang ugat at panlapi. This is composed of a root word and an affix.
Halimbawa:
Ang mga magulang niya ay mayaman.
His parents are wealthy.
Root word: yaman � wealth
Ang bata ay maingay.
The child is noisy.
Root word: ingay � noise
3.Inuulit - repeated inuulit ang salitang ugat o unang pantig ng salitan. root word or the first syllable of the word is repeated
Halimbawa:
Mabuti-buti na ngayon ang lagay ng panahon.
The weather is a little better now.
Ang mga mag-aaral ay masiglang-masigla.
The students are very happy.
Tambalan � compound dalawang pang-uring pinagtambal. two adjectives paired together.
Halimbawa:
Ang paborito kong kulay ay murang-dilaw.
My favorite color is light-yellow.
Biglang-yaman ang mga Santos ng Bulacan.
The Santoses in Bulacan became wealthy all of a sudden.
Kalanan ng Pang-uri � Number of adjective
1. Isahan � Singular nagbibigay turing sa iisang pangngalan o panghalip.describes a noun or a pronoun.
Halimbawa:
Siya ay masunurin na bata.
She/he is an obedient child.
Si Rizal ay magiting na bayani.
Rizal is a valiant hero.
2.Dalawahan � Dual nagbibigay-turing sa dalawang pangngalan o panghalip. describes two nouns or pronouns.
Halimbawa:
Ang mag-asawa ay magagaling na manlalangoy.
The couple are good swimmers.
Si Juan at si Pedro ay kapwas matutulungin.
John and Peter are both helpful.
3. Maramihan- Plural nagbibigay-turing sa higit sa dalawang pangngalan at panghalip. describes more than two nouns or pronouns.
Halimbawa:
Maraming mga magagandang tanawin sa bayan niya.
There are many beautiful sceneries in her/his town.
Ang mga mag-aaral na masisipag ay kinilala.
The industrious students were recognized.
Mga Kaantasan ng mga Pang-uri � Degrees of Adjectives
Ang pang-uri ay may tatlong kaantasan:
An adjective has three degrees:
1. Lantay � positive tumutukoy sa tanging katangian ng pangngalan o panghalip. describes the specific characteristic of the noun or pronoun.
Halimbawa:
Ang bawat pook ay tahimik.
Every place is quiet.
Siya ay maaga.
She/he is early
2. Pahambing � comparative nagpapahayag ng magkatulad o magkaiba ang kalagayan ng isang pangngalan o panghalip. Ang pahambing na pang-uri ay may dalawang kalagayan: magkatulad at di-magkatulad. expresses either the same or different states of a noun or pronoun. A comparative adjective has two states: the same and different.
Halimbawa:
Magkatulad [ same:
Kasinghusay ni Lito ang kapatid niya pagdating sa paglililok.
Lito�s brother is as good as him when it comes to carving.
Di-magkatulad
Si Mario ay di-gasinong matangkad kaysa kay Pablo.
Mario is not as tall as Pablo.
3.Pasukdol � superlative nagpapakilala ng nangingaibabaw o namumukod na katangian ng pangngalan o panghalip. expresses highest and distinct state of the noun or pronoun
Halimbawa:
Si Andrea ang pinakamaganda sa kanilang lahat.
Andrea is the most beautiful of them all
Ang mga anak niya ay ubod ng sisipag.
Her.his children are very industrious.
Ang pagmamahal ng magulang sa anak ay walang kapantay.
The love of a parent to a child is beyond compare.
Coming up: Pang-abay - Adverb
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Last edited by: Dawnlorraine on 18 Jun 07
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1 Dec 05 |
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Dawnlorraine
Tagalog Administrator :Moderator:
Posts: 3482
Joined: 18 May 05
From: Quezon City
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Pang-abay � Adverb Ito ay isang bahagi ng pananalita na nagbibigay-turing sa pandiwa, pang-uri o kapwa pang-abay. This is a part of speech that modifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb.
Halimbawa:
1. Darating bukas ang mga panauhin. -The visitors will arrive tomorrow
2. Ang iyong kabaitan ay kapuri-puri. -Your kindness is praiseworthy.
3. Ang nangyari ay sadyang di-kapani-paniwala. -What happened is simply unbelievable.
Forms of Adverb
A. Kataga � Particle � pa, man, din, na - still,yet, also, too, already
Halimbawa:
1. Maganda pa and aklat na ito. � This book is still nice.
2. Ang mga anak ay may tungkulin din para sa kanilang mga magulang. � Children have responsibilities to their parents too.
B. Salita - Word
Halimbawa:
1. Si Miguel ay tunay na pinagpala. � Miguel is truly blessed.
2. Hindi madaling pumunta sa malayong lugar. � It is not easy to go to a far place.
C. Sugnay � Clause � kapag kami�y dumating, kung kayo�y magkita�.when we get there, when we see each other
Halimbawa:
1. Kapag kami�y dumating, buksan mo ang mga ilaw. � When we get there, turn the lights on.
2.Ipakisabi mo nalang ang aking kahilingan kapag kayo�y nakgita. � Please relay my request when you see each other.
D. Parirala - Phrase � sa kabila ng lahat, sa linggong darating inspite of/despite it all, this coming week
Halimbawa:
1. Siya ay matatag pa rin, sa kabila ng lahat ng pagsubok na kanyang dinanas. � He is still tough, despite all the trials he went through.
2. Kami ay aalis patungong Bicol sa linggong darating. � We are leaving for Bicol this coming week.
Mga Uri ng pang-abay � Kinds of Adverb
1. Pang-abay na Pamanahom � Adverb of Time nagsasaad ng panahon ng pagkanap at sumasagao sa tanong na �kailan�. � denotes time when an event occurred, and it answers the question �when�.
Halimbawa:
1. Magtatanim ako ng mga puno bukas. � I will plant trees tomorrow
2. Maganda ang panahon kahapon. The weather was nice yesterday.
2. Pang-abay na Panlunan - Adverb of Place nagsasaad ng pook o na pinangyarihan ng kilos. Ito ay sumasagot sa tanong na �saan�. � denotes the place where an act or event takes place. This answers the question �where�.
Halimbawa:
1. Tinalo ang ating mga bayani dito. - Our heroes were defeated here.
2.Si Pedro ay nagtanim ng mga gulay sa harapan ng bahay niya. � Pedro planted vegetables in front of his house.
3. Pang-abay na Pamaraan � Adverb of Manner. nagsasaad kung paano ginanap ang kilos o pangyayaring isinasaad ng pandiwa. denotes how the act or the event that was referred by the verb was done.
Halimbawa:
1.Tiklop-tuhod siyang humingi ng tawad. � He asked forgiveness on bended knees.
2.Magalang niyang tinanggap ang mga panauhin. He accepted the guests respectfully.
4.Pang-abay na Panggaano � Adverb of Number � sumasaklaw sa bilang, dami o halaga. this involves number, quantity and value.
Halimbawa:
1.Bihirang kumanta si Maria. - Maria seldom sang.
2.Sapat ang pera niya para sa buong lingo. - Her money is enough for the whole week.
5. Pang-abay na Panulad � Adverb of Comparison nagsasaad ng katangiang napapaloob sa pangungusap. Karaniwang ginagamit na hambingan ng pang-uri. � denotes a characteristic in the sentence. Commonly used as comparison of an adjective.
Halimbawa:
1. Lumabas ang ga-mais na pawis sa kanyang noo. A sweat like the size of a corn kernel came out of his forehead.
2. Ang ani nila ay ganun din karami ng ani namin. � Their harvest is as many as ours.
6. Pang-abay na Pang-agam � nagsasaad ng di-katiyakan o pag-aalinlangan. denotes uncertainty or doubt.
Halimbawa:
1. Tila hindi maganda ang panahon ngayon. � It looks like the weather is not good today.
2. Dapat sisihin wari ang mga taong nagtitinda ng sigarilyo. � The ones to be blamed maybe are people who sell cigarettes.
7. Pang-abay na Pananong - Interrogative Adverb ginagamit sa pagtatanong ukol sa panahon, lunan, bilang o halaga. � used in asking about weather, place, quantity or value.
Halimbawa:
1. Paano tayo makakatulong sa kanila? � How can we help them?
2. Saan dapat magsisimula ang pagbabago? � Where does change supposed to begin?
8. Pang-abay na Panang-ayon � Adverb of Agreement/Affirmation nagsasaad ng pagsang-ayon o pagtangaap sa kausap. � denotes agreement or acceptance of the speaker.
Halimbawa:
1. Talagang malawak ang kanilang mga lupain. Their estates are really vast.
2. Tunay ngang ang kabataan ay ang pag-asa ng kinabukasan. � Indeed the children are the hope of the future.
9.Pang-abay na Pananggi � Adverb of Disagreement/Negation nagsasaad ng pagsalungat o pagbawal. � denotes disagreement or prohibition.
Halimbawa:
1. Huwag mong saktan ang damdamin ng iba. � Do not hurt the feelings of others.
2. Wala siyang magawa buong araw. � There was nothing he can do the whole day.
10. Pang-abay na Panunuran tumutukoy sa sunud-sunod na hanay o kalagayan. � denotes order.
Halimbawa:
1.Sabay-sabay silang sumayaw nang tumugtog ang gitara. � They danced altogether when the guitar played.
2.Si Juan ang kahuli-hulihang nagsalita sa klase. � Juan was the last to speak in class.
11. Pang-abay na Pamitagan � Adverb of Respect nagpapakilala ng paggalang at pagsasaalang-alang. � denotes respect and consideration.
Halimbawa:
1. Opo, mabuti-buti na po ang kanyang kalusugan. � [iYes Sor/Ma�am, his health is a little better.
2. Mawalang-galang na nga po, maari po ba kayong makausap sandali? � Excuse me Sir/Ma�am can I talk to you for a minute?
Pang-abay na panturing nagsasaad ng pagtanaw ng utang na loob � denotes recognition of debt of gratitude.
Halimbawa:
1. Salamat sa Panginoon at naalala mo kami. � Thank God that you remember us.
2. Mabuti na lamang at lumabas na siya bago mag-umpisa ang sunog. � It�s good that he already went out when the fire started.
Next topic: Pandiwa - Verb
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Last edited by: dawn_lorraine on 14 May 07
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15 Dec 05 |
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RobertG
Neophyte
Posts: 6
Joined: 22 Dec 05
From: Md
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Nice Job on the Lessons!
You could REALLY fill up the pronoun page by pointing out the difference between ang- and ng- pronouns. When to use the in-focus pronouns (ako, ikaw/ka, siya) as compared with the corresponding out-of focus pronouns (ko, mo, niya). I think the job you are doing is super, and please dont think I am being critical, but grouping Tagalog words and phrases into English language categories can be very deceiving and confusing to new students. Words can often act as either a noun, adjective, adverb, verb, etc. Additionally, there is no such thing as a "preposition" in Tagalog. It gives the false perception that Tagalog can be translated into English according to word types which really either do not exist in Tagalog, or can go into several diffferent groupings. But again, great job!
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_________________________
-Robert
Last edited by: RobertG on 22 Dec 05
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22 Dec 05 |
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