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Background: Armenia prides itself on being the first nation to formally adopt Christianity (early 4th century). Despite periods of autonomy, over the centuries Armenia came under the sway of various empires including the Roman, Byzantine, Arab, Persian, and Ottoman. During World War I in the western portion of Armenia, Ottoman Turkey instituted a policy of forced resettlement coupled with other harsh practices that resulted in an estimated 1 million Armenian deaths. The eastern area of Armenia was ceded by the Ottomans to Russia in 1828; this portion declared its independence in 1918, but was conquered by the Soviet Red Army in 1920. Armenian leaders remain preoccupied by the long conflict with Muslim Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh, a primarily Armenian-populated region, assigned to Soviet Azerbaijan in the 1920s by Moscow. Armenia and Azerbaijan began fighting over the area in 1988; the struggle escalated after both countries attained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By May 1994, when a cease-fire took hold, Armenian forces held not only Nagorno-Karabakh but also a significant portion of Azerbaijan proper. The economies of both sides have been hurt by their inability to make substantial progress toward a peaceful resolution. Turkey imposed an economic blockade on Armenia and closed the common border because of the Armenian occupation of Nagorno-Karabakh and surrounding areas.
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Nome Comum: ArmÉnia
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Nome Oficial Local: Hayastan
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Nome Abreviado: Republic of Armenia
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Nome Oficial: Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun
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Nome Oficial do Script: Armenia
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Nome Local Comum: Armenia
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Antigo Nome: Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic; Armenian
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Território de: NA
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Cabeça de Estado: President Robert KOCHARIAN
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Tipo de Governo: Republic
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Independência: 1991 September 21 (from Soviet Union)
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Constituição: 1995 July 5 adopted by nationwide referendum; 2005 November 27 amendments adopted through a nationwide referendum
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Feriado Nacional: Independence Day, 21 September
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Participação em Organizações Internacionais: ACCT (observer), AsDB, BSEC, CE, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
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Divisões Administrativas: 11 provinces (marzer, singular - marz); Aragatsotn, Ararat, Armavir, Geghark'unik', Kotayk', Lorri, Shirak, Syunik', Tavush, Vayots' Dzor, Yerevan
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Áreas Dependentes: NA
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Sistema Legal: based on civil law system
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Sufrágio: 18 anos
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Ramos Executivos, Legislativos e Judiciais: Excutive Branch:
Chief of state: President Robert KOCHARIAN (since 30 March 1998)
Head of government: Prime Minister Andranik MARGARYAN (since 12 May 2000)
Cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
Elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 19 February and 5 March 2003 (next to be held in 2008); prime minister appointed by the president and confirmed with the majority support of the National Assembly; the prime minister and Council of Ministers must resign if the National Assembly refuses to accept their program
Election results: Robert KOCHARIAN reelected president; percent of vote - Robert KOCHARIAN 67.5%, Stepan DEMIRCHYAN 32.5%
Legislative Branch:
unicameral National Assembly (Parliament) or Azgayin Zhoghov (131 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms; 90 members elected by party list, 41 by direct vote)
Elections: last held 25 May 2003 (next to be held in the spring of 2007)
Election results: percent of vote by party - Republican Party 23.5%, Justice Bloc 13.6%, Rule of Law 12.3%, ARF (Dashnak) 11.4%, National Unity Party 8.8%, United Labor Party 5.7%; seats by faction - Republican Party 39, Rule of Law 20, Justice Bloc 14, ARF (Dashnak) 11, National Unity 7, United Labor 6, People's Deputy Group 16, independent (not in faction or group) 18; note - as of 10 March 2006; voting blocs in the legislature are more properly termed factions and can be composed of members of several parties; seats by faction change frequently as deputies switch parties or announce themselves independent
Judicial Branch:
Supreme Court; Constitutional Court; Court of Cassation (Appeals Court)
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Líderes de Partido: Agro-Industrial Party [Vladimir BADALYAN]; Armenia Party [Myasnik MALKHASYAN]; Armenian National Movement or ANM [Alex ARZUMANYAN, chairman]; Armenian Ramkavar Liberal Party or HRAK [Harutyun MIRZAKHANYAN, chairman]; Armenian Revolutionary Federation ("Dashnak" Party) or ARF [Levon MKRTCHYAN]; Democratic Party [Aram SARKISYAN]; Justice Bloc (comprised of the Democratic Party, National Democratic Party, National Democratic Union, the People's Party, and the Republic Party) [Stepan DEMIRCHYAN]; National Democratic Party [Shavarsh KOCHARIAN]; National Democratic Union or NDU [Vazgen MANUKIAN]; National Revival Party [Albert BAZEYAN]; National Unity Party [Artashes GEGHAMYAN, chairman]; People's Party of Armenia [Stepan DEMIRCHYAN]; Republic Party [Aram SARKISYAN, chairman]; Republican Party or RPA [Andranik MARGARYAN]; Rule of Law Party [Samvel BALASANYAN]; Union of Constitutional Rights [Hrant KHACHATURYAN]; United Labor Party [Gurgen ARSENYAN]
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Disputas Internacionais: Armenia supports ethnic Armenian secessionists in Nagorno-Karabakh and since the early 1990s, has militarily occupied 16% of Azerbaijan - Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) continues to mediate dispute; over 800,000 mostly ethnic Azerbaijanis were driven from the occupied lands and Armenia; about 230,000 ethnic Armenians were driven from their homes in Azerbaijan into Armenia; Azerbaijan seeks transit route through Armenia to connect to Naxcivan exclave; border with Turkey remains closed over Nagorno-Karabakh dispute; ethnic Armenian groups in Javakheti region of Georgia seek greater autonomy; tens of thousands of Armenians emigrate, primarily to Russia, to seek employment.
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Drogas Ilícitas: illicit cultivation of small amount of cannabis for domestic consumption; minor transit point for illicit drugs - mostly opium and hashish - moving from Southwest Asia to Russia and to a lesser extent the rest of Europe
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Localização de ArmÉnia: Southwestern Asia, east of Turkey
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Continente: Asia
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Área Total: 29,800 sq km
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Região: Western Asia |
Área: 28,400 sq km
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Capital: Yerevan
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Território Marítimo: 1,400 sq km
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Hora Actual:
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Latitude: 040 00 N
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Território Fronteiriço: 1,254 km
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Longitude: 045 00 E
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Linha da Costa: 0 km
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Terra Arável: 16.78 %
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Pastos: 0.00 %
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Colheitas: 2.01 %
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Florestas: 0.00
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Ponto mais Elevado: 4,090 m
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Localização: Aragats Lerrnagagat'
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Ponto mais baixo: 400 m
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Localização: Debed River
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Maior Cidade em ArmÉnia: Yerevan
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Yerevan Cidade com maior População: 1,281,000
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Espécies Ameaçadas: 29
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Assuntos Ambientais: Soil pollution from toxic chemicals such as DDT; the energy crisis of the 1990s led to deforestation when citizens scavenged for firewood; pollution of Hrazdan (Razdan) and Aras Rivers; the draining of Sevana Lich (Lake Sevan), a result of its use as a source for hydropower, threatens drinking water supplies; restart of Metsamor nuclear power plant in spite of its location in a seismically active zone.
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Acordos Ambientais: party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
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Terra Irrigada: 2,860
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Países que fazem Fronteira: Azerbaijan-proper 566 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave 221 km, Georgia 164 km, Iran 35 km, Turkey 268 km
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Recursos Naturais: small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, alumina
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Terreno Geográfico: Armenian Highland with mountains; little forest land; fast flowing rivers; good soil in Aras River valley
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Área Comparada de ArmÉnia: Slightly smaller than Maryland.
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ArmÉnia's Geografia: Landlocked in the Lesser Caucasus Mountains; Sevana Lich (Lake Sevan) is the largest lake in this mountain range.
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Clique aqui Para informação detalhada sobre as condi絥s do tempo em ArmÉnia.
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Clima Geral: highland continental, hot summers, cold winters
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Riscos Naturais: Occasionally severe earthquakes; Droughts
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Visão Geral da Economia: Under the old Soviet central planning system, Armenia had developed a modern industrial sector, supplying machine tools, textiles, and other manufactured goods to sister republics in exchange for raw materials and energy. Since the implosion of the USSR in December 1991, Armenia has switched to small-scale agriculture away from the large agroindustrial complexes of the Soviet era. The agricultural sector has long-term needs for more investment and updated technology. The privatization of industry has been at a slower pace, but has been given renewed emphasis by the current administration. Armenia is a food importer, and its mineral deposits (copper, gold, bauxite) are small. The ongoing conflict with Azerbaijan over the ethnic Armenian-dominated region of Nagorno-Karabakh and the breakup of the centrally directed economic system of the former Soviet Union contributed to a severe economic decline in the early 1990s. By 1994, however, the Armenian Government had launched an ambitious IMF-sponsored economic liberalization program that resulted in positive growth rates in 1995-2005. Armenia joined the WTO in January 2003. Armenia also has managed to slash inflation, stabilize its currency, and privatize most small- and medium-sized enterprises. Armenia's unemployment rate, however, remains high, despite strong economic growth. The chronic energy shortages Armenia suffered in the early and mid-1990s have been offset by the energy supplied by one of its nuclear power plants at Metsamor. Armenia is now a net energy exporter, although it does not have sufficient generating capacity to replace Metsamor, which is under international pressure to close. The electricity distribution system was privatized in 2002. Armenia's severe trade imbalance has been offset somewhat by international aid, remittances from Armenians working abroad, and foreign direct investment. Economic ties with Russia remain close, especially in the energy sector. The government made some improvements in tax and customs administration in 2005, but anti-corruption measures will be more difficult to implement. Investment in the construction and industrial sectors is expected to continue in 2006 and will help to ensure annual average real GDP growth of about 13.9%.
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PIB: $13,460,000,000 USD
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Moeda: dram
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PIB per Capita: $4,500 USD
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Código da Moeda: AMD
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Valores do Crescimento do PIB: 13.90 %
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Valor de um dólar é Igual a : %fincurrencyequals% AMD
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História da Taxa de Troca da Moeda: drams per US dollar - 457.69 (2005), 533.45 (2004), 578.76 (2003), 573.35 (2002), 555.08
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PIB da Agricultura: 23.90 %
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PIB da Indústria: 34.30 %
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PIB dos Serviços: 41.80 % |
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Taxa de Inflação: 0.60 % |
População na Pobreza: 43.00 %
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Taxa de Desemprego: 31.60 %
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Turismo: 41,000.00 Visitantes em cada ano
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Consumo por menos 10%: 1.60 %
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Lucro em dólares: $786,100,000 USD
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Consumo por mais de 10%: 41.30 %
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Despesa em dólares: $930,700,000 USD
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Produção Eléctrica: 6,317,000,000 kWh
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Exportação de Energia Eléctrica: 650,000,000 kWh
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Consumo de Electricidade: 4,374,000,000 kWh
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Importação de Energia Eléctrica: 463,000,000 kWh
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Produção Eléctrica por Fonte:
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Produção de Energia Fóssil: 36.34%
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Produção de Energia Nuclear: 32.34%
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Produção de Energia Hídrica: 31.32%
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Produção de Outra Energia: 0.00%
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Produção de Petróleo: 0 barris por dia
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Produção de Gás Natural: 0 cu m
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Consumo de Petróleo: 40,000 barris por dia
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Consumo de Gás Natural: 1,685,000,000 cu m
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Exportações de Petróleo: 0 barris por dia
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Exportações de Gás Natural: 0 cu m
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Importações de Petróleo.: 0 barris por dia
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Importações de Gás Natural: 1,685,000,000 cu m
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Reservas de Petróleo: 0 barris
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Reservas de Gás Natural : 0 cu m
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Dívida Externa: $1,819,000,000 USD |
Recebido em Ajuda Económica: $254,000,000 USD
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Doado em Ajuda Económica: $0 USD
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Produtos Agrícolas: fruit (especially grapes), vegetables; livestock
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Indústrias Principais: diamond-processing, metal-cutting machine tools, forging-pressing machines, electric motors, tires, knitted wear, hosiery, shoes, silk fabric, chemicals, trucks, instruments, microelectronics, jewelry manufacturing, software development, food processing,
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Taxa do Crescimento Industrial: 7.50 %
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Total de Importações em Dólares: $1,500,000,000 USD - natural gas, petroleum, tobacco products, foodstuffs, diamonds
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Parceiros de Importação: Russia 13.5%, Belgium 8%, Germany 7.9%, Ukraine 7%, Turkmenistan 6.3%, US 6.2%, Israel 5.8%, Iran 5%, Romania 4.2%
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Total de Exportações em Dólares: $800,000,000 USD - diamonds, mineral products, foodstuffs, energy
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Parceiros de Exportação: Germany 15.6%, Netherlands 13.7%, Belgium 12.8%, Russia 12.2%, Israel 11.5%, US 11.2%, Georgia 4.8%
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GINI Index: 41.30%
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Número de Trabalhadores: 1,200,000
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Trabalhadores por Ocupação: agriculture 45%, services 30%, industry 25%
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Estações de Rádio: 16 |
Número de Pessoas com aparelhos de rádio: 850,000 |
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Estações de Televisão: 3 |
Número de Pessoas com Televisores: 825,000 |
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Número de Pessoas com Telefones: 582,500 |
Número de Pessoas com Telemóveis: 203,300 |
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Servidores de Intenet: 8,852 |
Utilizadores de Internet: 150,000 |
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Código Internet do País: .am |
Jornais: 24 |
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Código do País em Duas Letras: AM |
Pesos e Medidas: |
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Código de Telefone do País: +374 |
Electricidade em Volts: Volts |
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Sistema de Telefone: General assessment: system inadequate; now 90% privately owned and undergoing modernization and expansion
Domestic: the majority of subscribers and the most modern equipment are in Yerevan (this includes paging and mobile cellular service)
International: country code - 374; Yerevan is connected to the Trans-Asia-Europe fiber-optic cable through Iran; additional international service is available by microwave radio relay and landline connections to the other countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States and through the Moscow international switch and by satellite to the rest of the world; satellite earth stations - 3
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Auto-Estradas: 7,633 km |
Caminhos-de-ferro: 845 km
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Oleodutos: 1,871 km |
Rios e Canais Navegáveis: 0 km
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Aeroportos: 11 |
Heliportos: 0
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Veículos a Motor: 0 por 1000 pessoas |
Emissão de CO2: 2,777,000 Toneladas Métricas de CO2 por ano |
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Emissão de CO2 por capita: 0.16 Toneladas Métricas de CO2 por ano |
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Marinhas Mercantes: NA
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Portos: NA
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População: 2,976,372 tipo de pessoa - nacionalidade |
Percentagem de Nascimentos: 12.07 nascimentos em cada 1000 pessoas |
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Densidade Populacional: 103.00 pessoas por km2 |
Percentagem de Mortes: 8.23 mortes em cada 1000 pessoas |
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Crescimento populacional: -0.19% por ano |
Percentagem de Fertilidade por Mulher: 1.33 bébes nascidos em cada mulher |
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População Masculina : 0-14: 322,189 |
População Feminina: 0-14: 268,944 |
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População Masculina 15-64: 949,975 |
População Feminina 15-64 : 1,085,484 |
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População Masculina 65+: 133,411 |
População Feminina 65+: 198,369 |
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População 0-14: 20.50% |
Percentagem de Alfabetização: 98.60% |
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População 15-64: 68.40% |
Percentagem de Alfabetização Masculina: 99.40% |
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População 65+: 11.10% |
Percentagem de Alfabetização Feminina: 98.00% |
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População Masculina: 58.50
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População Feminina: 41.50% |
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Esperança Média de Vida nos anos de Nascimento: 71.84 anos |
Taxa de Mortalidade Infantil - morte de bébes em cada 1000 nascimentos: 22.47 Morte de bebés em 1000 nascimentos |
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Esperança Média de Vida nos nascimentos Masculinos: 68.25 years |
Esperança Média de Vida nos nascimentos Femininos: 76.02 years |
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Taxa de incidência SIDA/HIV: 0.01%
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Número de pessoas com Sida ou HIV: 2,600
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Número de pessoas que morreram com SIDA: 0 |
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Risco de Doenças:
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Doenças:
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Migração Net em cada 1000 pessoas: -5.72
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Nacionalidade: ARMENIAN
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Grupos Étnicos: Armenian 97.9%, Yezidi (Kurd) 1.3%, Russian 0.5%, other 0.3% (2001 census)
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Idioma Principal: Armenian
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Outros Idiomas: Yezidi 1%, Russian 0.9%, other 0.4% (2001 census)
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Religião Principal: Armenian Apostolic
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Outras Religiões: Christian 4%, Yezidi (monotheist with elements of nature worship) 1.3%
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Ramos: Armed Forces: Ground Forces, Nagorno-Karabakh Self Defense Force (NKSDF), Air Force, Air Defense Force
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Mão-de-Obra Militar em forma para o Serviço : 18 anos
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Mão-de-obra Militar Disponível: 1,517,920 Pessoas
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Mão-de-Obra Militar em forma para o Serviço : 1,208,431 Pessoas
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Quantidade de Mão-de-obra Militar disponível: 62,956 Pessoas por ano
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Despesas: $135,000,000 USD por ano
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Despesas como percentagem do PIB: 6.50
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Nota: Phrasebase utiliza fontes variáveis quando junta factos e informação presente em cima. Essa informação continuamente actualizada durante o ano.
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ArmÉnia Directório de Spa e Resort
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ArmÉnia Trocas de Casa
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ArmÉnia Aluguer de Apartamentos e Villas para Férias
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ArmÉnia Informação da Cidade - Jogo de Ganhar Dinheiro
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