|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Background: Aboriginal settlers arrived on the continent from Southeast Asia about 40,000 years before the first Europeans began exploration in the 17th century. No formal territorial claims were made until 1770, when Capt. James COOK took possession in the name of Great Britain. Six colonies were created in the late 18th and 19th centuries; they federated and became the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901. The new country took advantage of its natural resources to rapidly develop agricultural and manufacturing industries and to make a major contribution to the British effort in World Wars I and II. In recent decades, Australia has transformed itself into an internationally competitive, advanced market economy. It boasted one of the OECD's fastest growing economies during the 1990s, a performance due in large part to economic reforms adopted in the 1980s. Long-term concerns include pollution, particularly depletion of the ozone layer, and management and conservation of coastal areas, especially the Great Barrier Reef.
|
|
|
|
Nome Comum: AustrÁlia
|
Nome Oficial Local: Australia
|
|
Nome Abreviado: Commonwealth of Australia
|
Nome Oficial: Australia
|
|
Nome Oficial do Script: Australia
|
Nome Local Comum: Australia
|
|
Antigo Nome: Australia
|
Território de: NA
|
|
|
Cabeça de Estado: Queen ELIZABETH II
|
Tipo de Governo: federal parliamentary democracy
|
Independência: 1901 January 1 (federation of UK colonies)
|
Constituição: 1900 July 9, effective 1901 January 1
|
Feriado Nacional: Australia Day, 26 January
|
Participação em Organizações Internacionais: ANZUS, APEC, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CP, EAS, EBRD, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (guest), NEA, NSG, OECD, OPCW, Paris Club, PCA, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNMIS, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC
|
Divisões Administrativas: 6 states and 2 territories*; Australian Capital Territory*, New South Wales, Northern Territory*, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia
|
Áreas Dependentes: Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Norfolk Island, Macquarie Island
|
Sistema Legal: based on English common law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
|
Sufrágio: 18 anos
|
Ramos Executivos, Legislativos e Judiciais: Executive Branch:
chief of state: Queen of Australia ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Maj. Gen. (Ret.) Michael JEFFERY (since 11 August 2003)
head of government: Prime Minister John Winston HOWARD (since 11 March 1996); Deputy Prime Minister Mark VAILE (since 6 July 2005)
cabinet: prime minister nominates, from among members of Parliament, candidates who are subsequently sworn in by the governor general to serve as government ministers
elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is sworn in as prime minister by the governor general
note: government coalition - Liberal Party and National Party
Legislative Branch:
bicameral Federal Parliament consists of the Senate (76 seats - 12 from each of the six states and 2 from each of the two mainland territories; one-half of state members are elected every three years by popular vote to serve six-year terms while all territory members are elected every three years) and the House of Representatives (150 seats; members elected by popular preferential voting to serve terms of up to three-years; no state can have fewer than 5 representatives)
elections: Senate - last held 9 October 2004 (next to be held no later than June 2008); House of Representatives - last held 9 October 2004 (next to be called no later than November 2007)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Liberal Party-National Party coalition 39, Australian Labor Party 28, Democrats 4, Australian Greens 4, Family First Party 1; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Liberal Party-National Party coalition 87, Australian Labor Party 60, independents 3
Judicial Branch:
High Court (the chief justice and six other justices are appointed by the governor general)
|
Líderes de Partido: Australian Democrats [Lyn ALLISON]; Australian Greens [Bob BROWN]; Australian Labor Party [Kim BEAZLEY]; Country Liberal Party [Jodeen CARNEY]; Family First Party [Steve FIELDING]; Liberal Party [John Winston HOWARD]; The Nationals [Mark VAILE]
|
Disputas Internacionais: East Timor and Australia agreed in 2005 to defer the disputed portion of the boundary for fifty years and to split hydrocarbon revenues evenly outside the Joint Petroleum Development Area covered by the 2002 Timor Sea Treaty; East Timor dispute hampers creation of a revised maritime boundary with Indonesia (see also Ashmore and Cartier Islands dispute); regional states express concern over Australia's 2004 declaration of a 1,000-nautical mile-wide maritime identification zone; Australia asserts land and maritime claims to Antarctica (see Antarctica); in 2004 Australia submitted its claims to UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) to extend its continental margin from both its mainland and Antarctic claims
|
Drogas Ilícitas: Tasmania is one of the world's major suppliers of licit opiate products; government maintains strict controls over areas of opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Localização de AustrÁlia: Oceania, continent between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean
|
|
Continente: Australia
|
Área Total: 7,686,850 sq km
|
|
Região: ANZ |
Área: 7,617,930 sq km
|
|
Capital: Canberra
|
Território Marítimo: 68,920 sq km
|
|
Hora Actual: +8 to +10
|
|
|
|
|
Latitude: 027 00 S
|
Território Fronteiriço: 0 km
|
|
Longitude: 133 00 E
|
Linha da Costa: 25,760 km
|
|
|
|
Terra Arável: 6.15 %
|
Pastos: 0.00 %
|
|
Colheitas: 0.04 %
|
Florestas: 0.00
|
|
|
|
Ponto mais Elevado: 2,229 m
|
Localização: Mount Kosciuszko
|
|
Ponto mais baixo: -15 m
|
Localização: Lake Eyre
|
|
|
|
Maior Cidade em AustrÁlia: Sydney
|
Sydney Cidade com maior População: 3,649,000
|
|
|
Espécies Ameaçadas: 583
|
Assuntos Ambientais: soil erosion from overgrazing, industrial development, urbanization, and poor farming practices; soil salinity rising due to the use of poor quality water; desertification; clearing for agricultural purposes threatens the natural habitat of many unique animal and plant species; the Great Barrier Reef off the northeast coast, the largest coral reef in the world, is threatened by increased shipping and its popularity as a tourist site; limited natural fresh water resources
|
Acordos Ambientais: party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
|
Terra Irrigada: 25,450
|
Países que fazem Fronteira: NA
|
Recursos Naturais: bauxite, coal, iron ore, copper, tin, gold, silver, uranium, nickel, tungsten, mineral sands, lead, zinc, diamonds, natural gas, petroleum
|
Terreno Geográfico: mostly low plateau with deserts; fertile plain in southeast
|
Área Comparada de AustrÁlia: slightly smaller than the US contiguous 48 states
|
AustrÁlia's Geografia: world's smallest continent but sixth-largest country; population concentrated along the eastern and southeastern coasts; the invigorating tropical sea breeze known as the "Fremantle Doctor" affects the city of Perth on the west coast, and is one of the mo
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Clique aqui Para informação detalhada sobre as condi絥s do tempo em AustrÁlia.
|
Clima Geral: generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north
|
Riscos Naturais: cyclones along the coast; severe droughts; forest fires
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Visão Geral da Economia: Australia has an enviable Western-style capitalist economy with a per capita GDP on par with the four dominant West European economies. Rising output in the domestic economy, robust business and consumer confidence, and rising exports of raw materials and agricultural products are fueling the economy. Australia's emphasis on reforms, low inflation, and growing ties with China are other key factors behind the economy's strength. The impact of drought, weak foreign demand, and strong import demand pushed the trade deficit up from $8 billion in 2002, to $18 billion in 2003, $13 billion in 2004, and nearly $17 billion in 2005. Housing prices probably peaked in 2005, diminishing the prospect that interest rates would be raised to prevent a speculative bubble. Conservative fiscal policies have kept Australia's budget in surplus from 2002 to 2005.
|
|
|
|
PIB: $635,500,000,000 USD
|
Moeda: Australian dollar
|
|
PIB per Capita: $31,600 USD
|
Código da Moeda: AUD
|
|
Valores do Crescimento do PIB: 2.70 %
|
Valor de um dólar é Igual a : %fincurrencyequals% AUD
|
|
|
História da Taxa de Troca da Moeda: Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001)
|
|
|
|
PIB da Agricultura: 3.80 %
|
PIB da Indústria: 26.20 %
|
|
PIB dos Serviços: 70.00 % |
|
|
|
|
Taxa de Inflação: 2.70 % |
População na Pobreza: 0.00 %
|
|
Taxa de Desemprego: 5.10 %
|
Turismo: 4,459,000.00 Visitantes em cada ano
|
|
|
|
Consumo por menos 10%: 2.00 %
|
Lucro em dólares: $249,800,000,000 USD
|
|
Consumo por mais de 10%: 25.40 %
|
Despesa em dólares: $240,200,000,000 USD
|
|
|
|
Produção Eléctrica: 237,000,000,000 kWh
|
Exportação de Energia Eléctrica: 0 kWh
|
|
Consumo de Electricidade: 221,000,000,000 kWh
|
Importação de Energia Eléctrica: 0 kWh
|
Produção Eléctrica por Fonte:
|
|
|
Produção de Energia Fóssil: 89.79%
|
Produção de Energia Nuclear: 0.00%
|
|
Produção de Energia Hídrica: 8.47%
|
Produção de Outra Energia: 1.74%
|
|
|
|
Produção de Petróleo: 530,000 barris por dia
|
Produção de Gás Natural: 35,600,000,000 cu m
|
|
Consumo de Petróleo: 875,600 barris por dia
|
Consumo de Gás Natural: 25,080,000,000 cu m
|
|
Exportações de Petróleo: 523,400 barris por dia
|
Exportações de Gás Natural: 9,744,000,000 cu m
|
|
Importações de Petróleo.: 530,800 barris por dia
|
Importações de Gás Natural: 0 cu m
|
|
Reservas de Petróleo: 3,664,000,000 barris
|
Reservas de Gás Natural : 2,549,000,000,000 cu m
|
|
|
|
Dívida Externa: $323,400,000,000 USD |
Recebido em Ajuda Económica: $0 USD
|
|
|
Doado em Ajuda Económica: $894,000,000 USD
|
|
|
Produtos Agrícolas: wheat, barley, sugarcane, fruits, cattle, sheep, poultry
|
Indústrias Principais: mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food processing, chemicals, steel
|
Taxa do Crescimento Industrial: 1.10 %
|
|
|
Total de Importações em Dólares: $119,600,000,000 USD - machinery and transport equipment, computers and office machines, telecommunication equipment and parts; crude oil and petroleum products
|
Parceiros de Importação: US 13.9%, China 13.7%, Japan 11%, Singapore 5.6%, Germany 5.6%
|
Total de Exportações em Dólares: $103,000,000,000 USD - coal, gold, meat, wool, alumina, iron ore, wheat, machinery and transport equipment
|
Parceiros de Exportação: Japan 20.3%, China 11.5%, South Korea 7.9%, US 6.7%, NZ 6.5%, India 5%
|
|
|
GINI Index: 35.20%
|
Número de Trabalhadores: 10,420,000
|
Trabalhadores por Ocupação: services 75.2%, industry 21.2%, agriculture 3.6%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Estações de Rádio: 608 |
Número de Pessoas com aparelhos de rádio: 25,500,000 |
|
Estações de Televisão: 104 |
Número de Pessoas com Televisores: 10,150,000 |
|
Número de Pessoas com Telefones: 11,460,000 |
Número de Pessoas com Telemóveis: 18,420,000 |
|
|
|
Servidores de Intenet: 7,772,888 |
Utilizadores de Internet: 14,663,622 |
|
|
|
Código Internet do País: .au |
Jornais: 293 |
|
Código do País em Duas Letras: AS |
Pesos e Medidas: |
|
Código de Telefone do País: 61 |
Electricidade em Volts: 240 Volts |
|
|
Sistema de Telefone: general assessment: excellent domestic and international service
domestic: domestic satellite system; much use of radiotelephone in areas of low population density; rapid growth of mobile cellular telephones
international: country code - 61; submarine cables to New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesia; satellite earth stations - 19 (10 Intelsat - 4 Indian Ocean and 6 Pacific Ocean, 2 Inmarsat - Indian and Pacific Ocean regions, 2 Globalstar, 5 other)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Auto-Estradas: 336,962 km |
Caminhos-de-ferro: 47,738 km
|
|
Oleodutos: 8,600 km |
Rios e Canais Navegáveis: 2,000 km
|
|
Aeroportos: 311 |
Heliportos: 1
|
|
|
|
Veículos a Motor: 634 por 1000 pessoas |
Emissão de CO2: 337,973,000 Toneladas Métricas de CO2 por ano |
|
|
Emissão de CO2 por capita: 17.30 Toneladas Métricas de CO2 por ano |
|
|
Marinhas Mercantes: total: 53 ships (1000 GRT or over) 1,361,000 GRT/1,532,874 DWT
by type: bulk carrier 17, cargo 4, chemical tanker 3, container 1, liquefied gas 4, passenger 6, passenger/cargo 7, petroleum tanker 6, roll on/roll off 5
foreign-owned: 17 (Canada 1, France 3, Germany 3, Japan 1, Netherlands 2, Norway 1, Philippines 1, UK 2, US 3)
registered in other countries: 34 (Antigua and Barbuda 1, Bahamas 2, Bermuda 3, Fiji 1, Hong Kong 1, Liberia 2, Marshall Islands 2, Netherlands 1, NZ 2, Panama 3, Portugal 1, Singapore 7, Tonga 1, UK 3, US 2, Vanuatu 2)
|
Portos: Brisbane, Dampier, Fremantle, Gladstone, Hay Point, Melbourne, Newcastle, Port Hedland, Port Kembla, Port Walcott, Sydney
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
População: 20,264,082 tipo de pessoa - nacionalidade |
Percentagem de Nascimentos: 12.14 nascimentos em cada 1000 pessoas |
|
Densidade Populacional: 3.00 pessoas por km2 |
Percentagem de Mortes: 7.51 mortes em cada 1000 pessoas |
|
Crescimento populacional: 0.85% por ano |
Percentagem de Fertilidade por Mulher: 1.76 bébes nascidos em cada mulher |
|
|
|
População Masculina : 0-14: 2,031,313 |
População Feminina: 0-14: 1,936,802 |
|
População Masculina 15-64: 6,881,863 |
População Feminina 15-64 : 6,764,709 |
|
População Masculina 65+: 1,170,589 |
População Feminina 65+: 1,478,806 |
|
|
|
População 0-14: 19.60% |
Percentagem de Alfabetização: 99.00% |
|
População 15-64: 67.30% |
Percentagem de Alfabetização Masculina: 99.00% |
|
População 65+: 13.10% |
Percentagem de Alfabetização Feminina: 99.00% |
|
|
|
População Masculina: 52.50
% |
População Feminina: 47.50% |
|
Esperança Média de Vida nos anos de Nascimento: 80.50 anos |
Taxa de Mortalidade Infantil - morte de bébes em cada 1000 nascimentos: 4.63 Morte de bebés em 1000 nascimentos |
|
Esperança Média de Vida nos nascimentos Masculinos: 77.64 years |
Esperança Média de Vida nos nascimentos Femininos: 83.52 years |
|
|
|
Taxa de incidência SIDA/HIV: 0.10%
|
Número de pessoas com Sida ou HIV: 14,000
|
|
|
Número de pessoas que morreram com SIDA: 0 |
|
|
Risco de Doenças:
|
Doenças:
|
Migração Net em cada 1000 pessoas: 3.85
|
Nacionalidade: AUSTRALIAN
|
Grupos Étnicos: Caucasian 92%, Asian 7%, aboriginal and other 1%
|
|
|
Idioma Principal: English
|
Outros Idiomas: English 79.1%, Chinese 2.1%, Italian 1.9%, other 11.1%, unspecified 5.8%
|
|
|
Religião Principal: Anglican
|
Outras Religiões: Catholic 26.4%, Anglican 20.5%, other Christian 20.5%, Buddhist 1.9%, Muslim 1.5%, other 1.2%, unspecified 12.7%, none 15.3%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ramos: Australian Defense Force (ADF): Australian Army, Royal Australian Navy, Royal Australian Air Force, Special Operations Command
|
Mão-de-Obra Militar em forma para o Serviço : 16 anos
|
Mão-de-obra Militar Disponível: 9,764,940 Pessoas
|
Mão-de-Obra Militar em forma para o Serviço : 8,076,164 Pessoas
|
Quantidade de Mão-de-obra Militar disponível: 277,833 Pessoas por ano
|
Despesas: $0 USD por ano
|
Despesas como percentagem do PIB: 2.70
|
|
|
|
Nota: Phrasebase utiliza fontes variáveis quando junta factos e informação presente em cima. Essa informação continuamente actualizada durante o ano.
|
|
|
|
|
AustrÁlia Directório de Spa e Resort
|
AustrÁlia Trocas de Casa
|
AustrÁlia Aluguer de Apartamentos e Villas para Férias
|
AustrÁlia Informação da Cidade - Jogo de Ganhar Dinheiro
|
