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Background: Unique among African countries, the ancient Ethiopian monarchy maintained its freedom from colonial rule, one exception being the Italian occupation of 1936-41. In 1974 a military junta, the Derg, deposed Emperor Haile SELASSIE (who had ruled since 1930) and established a socialist state. Torn by bloody coups, uprisings, wide-scale drought, and massive refugee problems, the regime was finally toppled by a coalition of rebel forces, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), in 1991. A constitution was adopted in 1994 and Ethiopia's first multiparty elections were held in 1995. A two and a half year border war with Eritrea ended with a peace treaty on 12 December 2000.
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Nome Comum: EtiÓpia
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Nome Oficial Local: Ityop'iya
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Nome Abreviado: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
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Nome Oficial: Ityop'iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripeblik
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Nome Oficial do Script: Ethiopia
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Nome Local Comum: FDRE
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Antigo Nome: Abyssinia, Italian East Africa
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Território de: NA
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Cabeça de Estado: President GIRMA Woldegiorgis
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Tipo de Governo: federal republic
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Independência: oldest independent country in Africa and one of the old
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Constituição: ratified 1994 December (effective 1995 August 22)
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Feriado Nacional: National Day (defeat of MENGISTU regime), 28 May
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Participação em Organizações Internacionais: ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
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Divisões Administrativas: 9 ethnically-based states (kililoch, singular - kilil) and 2 self-governing administrations* (astedaderoch, singular - astedader); Adis Abeba* (Addis Ababa), Afar, Amara, Binshangul Gumuz, Dire Dawa*, Gambela Hizboch, Hareri Hizb, Oromiya, Sumale (Somali), Tigray, YeDebub Biheroch Bihereseboch na Hizboch (Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region)
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Áreas Dependentes: NA
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Sistema Legal: currently transitional mix of national and regional courts
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Sufrágio: 18 years of age anos
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Ramos Executivos, Legislativos e Judiciais: Executive Branch:
chief of state: President GIRMA Woldegiorgis (since 8 October 2001)
head of government: Prime Minister MELES Zenawi (since NA August 1995)
cabinet: Council of Ministers as provided for in the December 1994 constitution; ministers are selected by the prime minister and approved by the House of People's Representatives
elections: president elected by the House of People's Representatives for a six-year term; election last held 8 October 2001 (next to be held NA October 2007); prime minister designated by the party in power following legislative elections
election results: GIRMA Woldegiorgis elected president; percent of vote by the House of People's Representatives - 100%
Legislative Branch:
bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Federation or upper chamber (108 seats; members are chosen by state assemblies to serve five-year terms) and the House of People's Representatives or lower chamber (548 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote from single-member districts to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 14 May 2000 (next to be held NA May 2005)
note: irregularities and violence at a number of polling stations necessitated the rescheduling of voting in certain constituencies; voting postponed in Somali regional state because of severe drought
election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - OPDO 177, ANDM 134, TPLF 38, WGGPDO 27, EPRDF 19, SPDO 18, GNDM 15, KSPDO 10, ANDP 8, GPRDF 7, SOPDM 7, BGPDUF 6, BMPDO 5, KAT 4, other regional political groupings 22, independents 8; note - 43 seats unconfirmed
Judicial Branch:
Federal Supreme Court (the president and vice president of the Federal Supreme Court are recommended by the prime minister and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; for other federal judges, the prime minister submits to the House of People's Representatives for appointment candidates selected by the Federal Judicial Administrative Council)
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Líderes de Partido: Afar National Democratic Party or ANDP [leader NA]; All-Amhara People's Organization or AAPO [HAILU Shawel]; Amhara National Democratic Movement or ANDM [ADDISU Legesse]; Bench Madji People's Democratic Organization or BMPDO [leader NA]; Benishangul Gumuz People's Democratic Unity Front or BGPDUF [leader NA]; Ethiopian Democratic Party or EDP [ADMASSU Gebeyehu]; Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front or EPRDF [MELES Zenawi] (an alliance of ANDM, OPDO, SEPDF, and TPLF); Gedeyo People's Revolutionary Democratic Fund or GPRDF [leader NA]; Gurage Nationalities' Democratic Movement orGNDM [leader NA]; Kafa Shaka People's Democratic Organization or KSPDO [leader NA]; Kembata, Alabaa and Tembaro or KAT [leader NA]; Oromo Liberation Front or OLF [DAOUD Ibsa Gudina]; Oromo National Congress or ONC [MERERA Gudina]; Oromo People's Democratic Organization or OPDO [JUNEDI Sado]; Sidamo People's Democratic Organization or SPDO [leader NA]; South Ethiopia People's Democratic Front or SEPDF [KASSU Yilala]; South Omo People's Democratic Movement or SOPDM [leader NA]; Tigrayan People's Liberation Front or TPLF [MELES Zenawi]; Walayta, Gamo, Gofa, Dawro, and Konta People's Democratic Organization or WGGPDO [leader NA]; dozens of small parties
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Disputas Internacionais: most of the southern half of the boundary with Somalia in the Ogaden region is a provisional administrative line; in the Ogaden, regional states have established a variety of conflicting relationships with the Somali Transitional National Government in Mogadishu, feuding factions in Puntland region, and the economically stabile break-away "Somaliland" region; Ethiopia agreeed in 2002 to demarcate its entire boundary with Sudan; Eritrea and Ethiopia have expressed general approval of the April 2002 arbitration commission ruling re-delimiting the boundary, the focus of their 1998-2000 war; United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) will monitor activities within the 25-km wide temporary security zone in Eritrea until demarcation and de-mining are complete
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Drogas Ilícitas: transit hub for heroin originating in Southwest and Southeast Asia and destined for Europe and North America as well as cocaine destined for markets in southern Africa; cultivates qat (khat) for local use and regional export, principally to Djibouti and Somalia (legal in all three countries)
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Localização de EtiÓpia: Eastern Africa, west of Somalia
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Continente: Africa
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Área Total: 1,127,127 sq km
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Região: Eastern African |
Área: 1,119,683 sq km
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Capital: Addis Ababa
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Território Marítimo: 7,444 sq km
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Hora Actual:
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Latitude: 008 00 N
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Território Fronteiriço: 5,328 km
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Longitude: 038 00 E
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Linha da Costa: 0 km
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Terra Arável: 10.00 %
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Pastos: 0.00 %
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Colheitas: 1.00 %
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Florestas: 0.00
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Ponto mais Elevado: 4,620 m
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Localização: Ras Dejen
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Ponto mais baixo: -125 m
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Localização: Denakil Depression
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Maior Cidade em EtiÓpia: Addis Ababa
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Addis Ababa Cidade com maior População: 2,534,000
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Espécies Ameaçadas: 77
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Assuntos Ambientais: deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; water shortages in some areas from water-intensive farming and poor management
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Acordos Ambientais: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban
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Terra Irrigada: 1,900
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Países que fazem Fronteira: Djibouti 349 km, Eritrea 912 km, Kenya 861 km, Somalia 1,600 km, Sudan 1,606 km
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Recursos Naturais: small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash, natural gas, hydropower
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Terreno Geográfico: high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley
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Área Comparada de EtiÓpia: slightly less than twice the size of Texas
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EtiÓpia's Geografia: landlocked - entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 24 May 1993; the Blue Nile, the chief headstream of the Nile, rises in T'ana Hayk (Lake Tana) in northwest Ethiopia
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Clique aqui Para informação detalhada sobre as condi絥s do tempo em EtiÓpia.
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Clima Geral: tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation
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Riscos Naturais: geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts
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Visão Geral da Economia: Ethiopia's poverty-stricken economy is based on agriculture, which accounts for half of GDP, 85% of exports, and 80% of total employment. The agricultural sector suffers from frequent drought and poor cultivation practices, and as many as 4.6 million people need food assistance annually. Coffee is critical to the Ethiopian economy with exports of some $260 million in 2000. Other important exports include qat, live animals, hides, and gold. The war with Eritrea in 1999-2000 and recurrent drought have buffeted the economy, in particular coffee production. In November 2001 Ethiopia qualified for debt relief from the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative. Under Ethiopia's land tenure system, the government owns all land and provides long-term leases to the tenants; the system continues to hamper growth in the industrial sector as entrepreneurs are unable to use land as collateral for loans. Despite this limitation, strong growth is expected to continue in the near term as good rainfall, the cessation of hostilities, and renewed foreign aid and debt relief push the economy forward.
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PIB: $46,000,000,000 USD
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Moeda: birr
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PIB per Capita: $700 USD
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Código da Moeda: ETB
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Valores do Crescimento do PIB: 7.30 %
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Valor de um dólar é Igual a : %fincurrencyequals% ETB
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História da Taxa de Troca da Moeda: birr per US dollar (end of period) - 8.455 (December 2001), 8.3140 (December 2000), 8.3140 (2000), 8.1340 (1999), 7.5030 (1998), 6.8640 (1997) note: since 24 October 2001 exchange rates are determined on a daily basis via interbank transactions regulate
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PIB da Agricultura: 52.30 %
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PIB da Indústria: 11.10 %
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PIB dos Serviços: 36.60 % |
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Taxa de Inflação: 6.80 % |
População na Pobreza: 64.00 %
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Taxa de Desemprego: 0.00 %
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Turismo: 92.00 Visitantes em cada ano
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Consumo por menos 10%: 3.00 %
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Lucro em dólares: $1,800,000,000 USD
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Consumo por mais de 10%: 33.70 %
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Despesa em dólares: $1,900,000,000 USD
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Produção Eléctrica: 1,630,000,000 kWh
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Exportação de Energia Eléctrica: 0 kWh
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Consumo de Electricidade: 1,516,000,000 kWh
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Importação de Energia Eléctrica: 0 kWh
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Produção Eléctrica por Fonte:
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Produção de Energia Fóssil: 1.84%
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Produção de Energia Nuclear: 0.00%
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Produção de Energia Hídrica: 98.16%
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Produção de Outra Energia: 0.00%
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Produção de Petróleo: 0 barris por dia
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Produção de Gás Natural: 0 cu m
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Consumo de Petróleo: 0 barris por dia
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Consumo de Gás Natural: 0 cu m
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Exportações de Petróleo: 0 barris por dia
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Exportações de Gás Natural: 0 cu m
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Importações de Petróleo.: 0 barris por dia
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Importações de Gás Natural: 0 cu m
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Reservas de Petróleo: 0 barris
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Reservas de Gás Natural : 0 cu m
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Dívida Externa: $5,300,000,000 USD |
Recebido em Ajuda Económica: $308,000,000 USD
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Doado em Ajuda Económica: $0 USD
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Produtos Agrícolas: cereals, pulses, coffee, oilseed, sugarcane, potatoes, qat; hides, cattle, sheep, goats
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Indústrias Principais: food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, metals processing, cement
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Taxa do Crescimento Industrial: 6.70 %
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Total de Importações em Dólares: $1,540,000,000 USD - food and live animals, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, machinery, motor vehicles, cereals, textiles
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Parceiros de Importação: Saudi Arabia 25%, US 9%, Italy 7%, Russia 4%
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Total de Exportações em Dólares: $442,000,000 USD - coffee, qat, gold, leather products, oilseeds
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Parceiros de Exportação: Germany 18%, Japan 11%, Djibouti 11%, Saudi Arabia 8%
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GINI Index: 40.00%
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Número de Trabalhadores: 0
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Trabalhadores por Ocupação: agriculture and animal husbandry 80%, government and services 12%, industry and construction 8%
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Estações de Rádio: 9 |
Número de Pessoas com aparelhos de rádio: 15,200,000 |
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Estações de Televisão: 1 |
Número de Pessoas com Televisores: 682,000 |
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Número de Pessoas com Telefones: 231,900 |
Número de Pessoas com Telemóveis: 17,800 |
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Servidores de Intenet: 1 |
Utilizadores de Internet: 20,000 |
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Código Internet do País: .et |
Jornais: 2 |
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Código do País em Duas Letras: ET |
Pesos e Medidas: |
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Código de Telefone do País: +251 |
Electricidade em Volts: Volts |
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Sistema de Telefone: general assessment: open wire and microwave radio relay system; adequate for government use
domestic: open wire; microwave radio relay; radio communication in the HF, VHF, and UHF frequencies; two domestic satellites provide the national trunk service
international: open wire to Sudan and Djibouti; microwave radio relay to Kenya and Djibouti; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Pacific Ocean)
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Auto-Estradas: 3,290 km |
Caminhos-de-ferro: 681 km
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Oleodutos: 0 km |
Rios e Canais Navegáveis: 0 km
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Aeroportos: 14 |
Heliportos: 0
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Veículos a Motor: 2 por 1000 pessoas |
Emissão de CO2: 1,894,000 Toneladas Métricas de CO2 por ano |
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Emissão de CO2 por capita: 0.10 Toneladas Métricas de CO2 por ano |
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Marinhas Mercantes: total: 9 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 81,933 GRT/101,287 DWT
ships by type: cargo 5, container 1, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 2
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Portos: none; Ethiopia is landlocked and was by agreement with Eritrea using the ports of Assab and Massawa; since the border dispute with Eritrea flared, Ethiopia has used the port of Djibouti for nearly all of its imports
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População: 67,673,031 tipo de pessoa - nacionalidade |
Percentagem de Nascimentos: 44.31 nascimentos em cada 1000 pessoas |
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Densidade Populacional: 56.00 pessoas por km2 |
Percentagem de Mortes: 18.04 mortes em cada 1000 pessoas |
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Crescimento populacional: 2.64% por ano |
Percentagem de Fertilidade por Mulher: 6.94 bébes nascidos em cada mulher |
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População Masculina : 0-14: 16,098,191 |
População Feminina: 0-14: 15,879,065 |
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População Masculina 15-64: 17,005,387 |
População Feminina 15-64 : 16,801,536 |
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População Masculina 65+: 854,023 |
População Feminina 65+: 1,034,829 |
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População 0-14: 47.20% |
Percentagem de Alfabetização: 35.50% |
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População 15-64: 50.00% |
Percentagem de Alfabetização Masculina: 45.50% |
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População 65+: 2.80% |
Percentagem de Alfabetização Feminina: 25.30% |
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População Masculina: 50.50
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População Feminina: 49.50% |
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Esperança Média de Vida nos anos de Nascimento: 44.21 anos |
Taxa de Mortalidade Infantil - morte de bébes em cada 1000 nascimentos: 98.63 Morte de bebés em 1000 nascimentos |
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Esperança Média de Vida nos nascimentos Masculinos: 43.36 years |
Esperança Média de Vida nos nascimentos Femininos: 45.09 years |
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Taxa de incidência SIDA/HIV: 10.63%
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Número de pessoas com Sida ou HIV: 3,000,000
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Número de pessoas que morreram com SIDA: 280,000 |
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Risco de Doenças:
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Doenças:
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Migração Net em cada 1000 pessoas: 0.11
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Nacionalidade: ETHIOPIAN
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Grupos Étnicos: Oromo 40%, Amhara and Tigre 32%, Sidamo 9%, Shankella 6%, Somali 6%, Afar 4%, Gurage 2%, other 1%
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Idioma Principal: Amharic
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Outros Idiomas: Amharic, Tigrinya, Oromigna, Guaragigna, Somali, Arabic, other local languages, English (major foreign language taught in schools)
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Religião Principal: Muslim
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Outras Religiões: Muslim 45%-50%, Ethiopian Orthodox 35%-40%, animist 12%, other 3%-8%
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Ramos: Ethiopian National Defense Force (Ground Forces, Air Force, militia, police)
note: Ethiopia is landlocked and has no navy; following the secession of Eritrea, Ethiopian naval facilities remained in Eritrean possession
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Mão-de-Obra Militar em forma para o Serviço : 18 years of age anos
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Mão-de-obra Militar Disponível: 14,925,883 Pessoas
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Mão-de-Obra Militar em forma para o Serviço : 7,790,977 Pessoas
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Quantidade de Mão-de-obra Militar disponível: 703,625 Pessoas por ano
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Despesas: $800,000,000 USD por ano
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Despesas como percentagem do PIB: 12.60
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Nota: Phrasebase utiliza fontes variáveis quando junta factos e informação presente em cima. Essa informação continuamente actualizada durante o ano.
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EtiÓpia Directório de Spa e Resort
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EtiÓpia Trocas de Casa
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EtiÓpia Aluguer de Apartamentos e Villas para Férias
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EtiÓpia Informação da Cidade - Jogo de Ganhar Dinheiro
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