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Background: As Europe's largest economy and second most populous nation, Germany remains a key member of the continent's economic, political, and defense organizations. European power struggles immersed Germany in two devastating World Wars in the first half of the 20th century and left the country occupied by the victorious Allied powers of the US, UK, France, and the Soviet Union in 1945. With the advent of the Cold War, two German states were formed in 1949: the western Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the eastern German Democratic Republic (GDR). The democratic FRG embedded itself in key Western economic and security organizations, the EC, which became the EU, and NATO, while the Communist GDR was on the front line of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact. The decline of the USSR and the end of the Cold War allowed for German unification in 1990. Since then, Germany has expended considerable funds to bring Eastern productivity and wages up to Western standards. In January 1999, Germany and 10 other EU countries introduced a common European exchange currency, the euro.
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Nome Comum: Alemanha
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Nome Oficial Local: Deutschland
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Nome Abreviado: Federal Republic of Germany
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Nome Oficial: Bundesrepublik Deutschland
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Nome Oficial do Script: Germany
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Nome Local Comum: Germany
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Antigo Nome: German Empire, German Republic, German Reich
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Território de: NA
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Cabeça de Estado: President Horst KOEHLER
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Tipo de Governo: federal republic
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Independência: 18 January 1871 (German Empire unification); divided into four zones of occupation (UK, US, USSR, and later, France) in 1945 following World War II; Federal Republic of Germany (FRG or West Germany) proclaimed 23 May 1949 and included the former UK, US, a
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Constituição: 1949 May 23, known as Basic Law (became constitution of the united German people 1990 October 3)
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Feriado Nacional: Unity Day, 3 October
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Participação em Organizações Internacionais: AfDB, Arctic Council (observer), AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS, CDB, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 5, G- 7, G- 8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, SECI (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNMOVIC, UNOMIG, UNRWA, UPU, WADB (nonregional), WCO, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC
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Divisões Administrativas: 13 states (Laender, singular - Land) and 3 free states* (Freistaaten, singular - Freistaat); Baden-Wuerttemberg, Bayern*, Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Sachsen*, Sachsen-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein, Thueringen*
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Áreas Dependentes: NA
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Sistema Legal: civil law system with indigenous concepts; judicial review of legislative acts in the Federal Constitutional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
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Sufrágio: 18 anos
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Ramos Executivos, Legislativos e Judiciais: Executive Branch:
chief of state: President Horst KOEHLER (since 1 July 2004)
head of government: Chancellor Angela MERKEL (since 22 November 2005)
cabinet: Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) appointed by the president on the recommendation of the chancellor
elections: president elected for a five-year term (eligible for a second term) by a Federal Convention, including all members of the Federal Assembly and an equal number of delegates elected by the state parliaments; election last held 23 May 2004 (next to be held 23 May 2009); chancellor elected by an absolute majority of the Federal Assembly for a four-year term; election last held 22 November 2005 (next to be held November 2009)
election results: Horst KOEHLER elected president; received 604 votes of the Federal Convention against 589 for Gesine SCHWAN; Angela MERKEL elected chancellor; vote by Federal Assembly 397 to 202 with 12 abstentions
Legislative Branch:
bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Federal Assembly or Bundestag (613 seats; elected by popular vote under a system combining direct and proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain representation; members serve four-year terms) and the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state governments are directly represented by votes; each has three to six votes depending on population and are required to vote as a block)
elections: Federal Assembly - last held 18 September 2005 (next to be held September 2009); note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat; composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
election results: Federal Assembly - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 35.2%, SPD 34.3%, FDP 9.8%, Left 8.7%, Greens 8.1%; seats by party - CDU/CSU 225, SPD 222, FDP 61, Left 54, Greens 51
Judicial Branch:
Federal Constitutional Court or Bundesverfassungsgericht (half the judges are elected by the Bundestag and half by the Bundesrat)
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Líderes de Partido: Alliance '90/Greens [Claudia ROTH and Reinhard BUETIKOFER]; Christian Democratic Union or CDU [Angela MERKEL]; Christian Social Union or CSU [Edmund STOIBER, chairman]; Free Democratic Party or FDP [Guido WESTERWELLE, chairman]; Left Party (Linkspartei. was Party of Democratic Socialism) or PDS [Lothar BISKY]; Social Democratic Party or SPD [Kurt BECK]
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Disputas Internacionais: NA
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Drogas Ilícitas: source of precursor chemicals for South American cocaine processors; transshipment point for and consumer of Southwest Asian heroin, Latin American cocaine, and European-produced synthetic drugs; major financial center
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Localização de Alemanha: Central Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, between the Netherlands and Poland, south of Denmark
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Continente: Europe
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Área Total: 357,021 sq km
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Região: Central Europe |
Área: 349,223 sq km
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Capital: Berlin
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Território Marítimo: 7,798 sq km
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Hora Actual: +1
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Latitude: 051 00 N
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Território Fronteiriço: 3,621 km
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Longitude: 009 00 E
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Linha da Costa: 2,389 km
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Terra Arável: 33.13 %
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Pastos: 0.00 %
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Colheitas: 0.60 %
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Florestas: 0.00
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Ponto mais Elevado: 2,963 m
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Localização: Zugspitze
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Ponto mais baixo: -3 m
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Localização: Neuendorf bei Wilste
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Maior Cidade em Alemanha: Essen
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Essen Cidade com maior População: 6,533,000
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Espécies Ameaçadas: 71
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Assuntos Ambientais: emissions from coal-burning utilities and industries contribute to air pollution; acid rain, resulting from sulfur dioxide emissions, is damaging forests; pollution in the Baltic Sea from raw sewage and industrial effluents from rivers in eastern Germany; hazardous waste disposal; government established a mechanism for ending the use of nuclear power over the next 15 years; government working to meet EU commitment to identify nature preservation areas in line with the EU's Flora, Fauna, and Habitat directive
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Acordos Ambientais: party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
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Terra Irrigada: 4,850
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Países que fazem Fronteira: Austria 784 km, Belgium 167 km, Czech Republic 646 km, Denmark 68 km, France 451 km, Luxembourg 138 km, Netherlands 577 km, Poland 456 km, Switzerland 334 km
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Recursos Naturais: coal, lignite, natural gas, iron ore, copper, nickel, uranium, potash, salt, construction materials, timber, arable land
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Terreno Geográfico: lowlands in north, uplands in center, Bavarian Alps in south
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Área Comparada de Alemanha: slightly smaller than Montana
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Alemanha's Geografia: strategic location on North European Plain and along the entrance to the Baltic Sea
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Clique aqui Para informação detalhada sobre as condi絥s do tempo em Alemanha.
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Clima Geral: temperate and marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters and summers; occasional warm mountain (foehn) wind
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Riscos Naturais: flooding
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Visão Geral da Economia: Germany's affluent and technologically powerful economy - the fifth largest in the world - has become one of the slowest growing economies in the euro zone. A quick turnaround is not in the offing in the foreseeable future. Growth in 2001-03 fell short of 1%, rising to 1.7% in 2004 before falling back to 0.9% in 2005. The modernization and integration of the eastern German economy continues to be a costly long-term process, with annual transfers from west to east amounting to roughly $70 billion. Germany's aging population, combined with high unemployment, has pushed social security outlays to a level exceeding contributions from workers. Structural rigidities in the labor market - including strict regulations on laying off workers and the setting of wages on a national basis - have made unemployment a chronic problem. Corporate restructuring and growing capital markets are setting the foundations that could allow Germany to meet the long-term challenges of European economic integration and globalization, particularly if labor market rigidities are further addressed. In the short run, however, the fall in government revenues and the rise in expenditures have raised the deficit above the EU's 3% debt limit.
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PIB: $2,480,000,000,000 USD
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Moeda: euro
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PIB per Capita: $30,100 USD
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Código da Moeda: EUR
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Valores do Crescimento do PIB: 0.90 %
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Valor de um dólar é Igual a : %fincurrencyequals% EUR
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História da Taxa de Troca da Moeda: euros per US dollar - 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001)
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PIB da Agricultura: 0.90 %
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PIB da Indústria: 29.60 %
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PIB dos Serviços: 69.50 % |
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Taxa de Inflação: 2.00 % |
População na Pobreza: 11.70 %
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Taxa de Desemprego: 11.70 %
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Turismo: 17,116,000.00 Visitantes em cada ano
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Consumo por menos 10%: 3.60 %
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Lucro em dólares: $1,249,000,000,000 USD
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Consumo por mais de 10%: 25.10 %
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Despesa em dólares: $1,362,000,000,000 USD
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Produção Eléctrica: 558,100,000,000 kWh
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Exportação de Energia Eléctrica: 54,100,000,000 kWh
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Consumo de Electricidade: 510,400,000,000 kWh
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Importação de Energia Eléctrica: 45,400,000,000 kWh
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Produção Eléctrica por Fonte:
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Produção de Energia Fóssil: 63.08%
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Produção de Energia Nuclear: 30.00%
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Produção de Energia Hídrica: 3.65%
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Produção de Outra Energia: 3.27%
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Produção de Petróleo: 158,700 barris por dia
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Produção de Gás Natural: 22,220,000,000 cu m
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Consumo de Petróleo: 2,677,000 barris por dia
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Consumo de Gás Natural: 93,880,000,000 cu m
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Exportações de Petróleo: 12,900 barris por dia
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Exportações de Gás Natural: 7,731,000,000 cu m
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Importações de Petróleo.: 2,135 barris por dia
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Importações de Gás Natural: 85,020,000,000 cu m
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Reservas de Petróleo: 0 barris
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Reservas de Gás Natural : 305,800,000,000 cu m
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Dívida Externa: $3,626,000,000,000 USD |
Recebido em Ajuda Económica: $0 USD
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Doado em Ajuda Económica: $5,600,000,000,000 USD
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Produtos Agrícolas: potatoes, wheat, barley, sugar beets, fruit, cabbages; cattle, pigs, poultry
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Indústrias Principais: among the world's largest and most technologically advanced producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics, food and beverages, shipbuilding, textiles
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Taxa do Crescimento Industrial: 2.90 %
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Total de Importações em Dólares: $8,010,000,000,000 USD - machinery, vehicles, chemicals, foodstuffs, textiles, metals
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Parceiros de Importação: France 8.7%, Netherlands 8.5%, US 6.6%, China 6.4%, UK 6.3%, Italy 5.7%, Belgium 5%, Austria 4%
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Total de Exportações em Dólares: $1,016,000,000,000 USD - machinery, vehicles, chemicals, metals and manufactures, foodstuffs, textiles
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Parceiros de Exportação: France 10.2%, US 8.8%, UK 7.9%, Italy 6.9%, Netherlands 6.1%, Belgium 5.6%, Austria 5.4%, Spain 5.1%
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GINI Index: 28.30%
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Número de Trabalhadores: 43,320,000
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Trabalhadores por Ocupação: industry 33.4%, agriculture 2.8%, services 63.8%
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Estações de Rádio: 842 |
Número de Pessoas com aparelhos de rádio: 77,800,000 |
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Estações de Televisão: 373 |
Número de Pessoas com Televisores: 51,400,000 |
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Número de Pessoas com Telefones: 55,046,000 |
Número de Pessoas com Telemóveis: 79,200,000 |
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Servidores de Intenet: 7,657,162 |
Utilizadores de Internet: 2,147,483,647 |
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Código Internet do País: .de |
Jornais: 305 |
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Código do País em Duas Letras: GM |
Pesos e Medidas: |
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Código de Telefone do País: 49 |
Electricidade em Volts: 230 Volts |
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Sistema de Telefone: general assessment: Germany has one of the world's most technologically advanced telecommunications systems; as a result of intensive capital expenditures since reunification, the formerly backward system of the eastern part of the country, dating back to World War II, has been modernized and integrated with that of the western part
domestic: Germany is served by an extensive system of automatic telephone exchanges connected by modern networks of fiber-optic cable, coaxial cable, microwave radio relay, and a domestic satellite system; cellular telephone service is widely available, expanding rapidly, and includes roaming service to many foreign countries
international: country code - 49; Germany's international service is excellent worldwide, consisting of extensive land and undersea cable facilities as well as earth stations in the Inmarsat, Intelsat, Eutelsat, and Intersputnik satellite systems
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Auto-Estradas: 231,581 km |
Caminhos-de-ferro: 47,201 km
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Oleodutos: 32,985 km |
Rios e Canais Navegáveis: 7,467 km
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Aeroportos: 332 |
Heliportos: 32
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Veículos a Motor: 554 por 1000 pessoas |
Emissão de CO2: 886,181,000 Toneladas Métricas de CO2 por ano |
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Emissão de CO2 por capita: 10.20 Toneladas Métricas de CO2 por ano |
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Marinhas Mercantes: total: 394 ships (1000 GRT or over) 11,017,754 GRT/13,091,194 DWT
by type: bulk carrier 1, cargo 60, chemical tanker 13, container 273, liquefied gas 3, passenger 6, passenger/cargo 25, petroleum tanker 10, roll on/roll off 3
foreign-owned: 4 (Finland 2, Italy 1, Switzerland 1)
registered in other countries: 2,491 (Antigua and Barbuda 858, Australia 3, Bahamas 22, Belize 3, Bermuda 21, Brazil 7, Bulgaria 1, Burma 5, Canada 3, Cayman Islands 13, Cyprus 214, Denmark 13, Dominica 1, French Southern and Antarctic Lands 2, Georgia 1, Gibraltar 108, Guyana 1, Hong Kong 6, Indonesia 1, Ireland 2, Isle of Man 56, Jamaica 3, Liberia 587, Luxembourg 10, Malaysia 2, Malta 64, Marshall Islands 194, Morocco 2, Netherlands 56, Netherlands Antilles 60, NZ 1, Panama 35, Portugal 17, Russia 2, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 8, Samoa 1, Singapore 9, Spain 12, Sri Lanka 5, Sweden 3, Turkey 1, UK 76, US 2)
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Portos: Berlin, Bonn, Brake, Bremen, Bremerhaven, Cologne, Dresden, Duisburg, Emden, Hamburg, Karlsruhe, Kiel, Luebeck, Magdeburg, Mannheim, Rostock, Stuttgart
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População: 82,422,299 tipo de pessoa - nacionalidade |
Percentagem de Nascimentos: 8.25 nascimentos em cada 1000 pessoas |
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Densidade Populacional: 231.00 pessoas por km2 |
Percentagem de Mortes: 10.62 mortes em cada 1000 pessoas |
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Crescimento populacional: -0.02% por ano |
Percentagem de Fertilidade por Mulher: 1.36 bébes nascidos em cada mulher |
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População Masculina : 0-14: 5,973,437 |
População Feminina: 0-14: 5,665,971 |
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População Masculina 15-64: 27,889,936 |
População Feminina 15-64 : 26,874,858 |
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População Masculina 65+: 6,602,478 |
População Feminina 65+: 9,415,619 |
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População 0-14: 14.10% |
Percentagem de Alfabetização: 99.00% |
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População 15-64: 66.40% |
Percentagem de Alfabetização Masculina: 99.00% |
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População 65+: 19.40% |
Percentagem de Alfabetização Feminina: 99.00% |
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População Masculina: 48.00
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População Feminina: 52.00% |
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Esperança Média de Vida nos anos de Nascimento: 78.80 anos |
Taxa de Mortalidade Infantil - morte de bébes em cada 1000 nascimentos: 4.12 Morte de bebés em 1000 nascimentos |
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Esperança Média de Vida nos nascimentos Masculinos: 75.81 years |
Esperança Média de Vida nos nascimentos Femininos: 81.96 years |
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Taxa de incidência SIDA/HIV: 0.10%
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Número de pessoas com Sida ou HIV: 43,000
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Número de pessoas que morreram com SIDA: 0 |
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Risco de Doenças:
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Doenças:
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Migração Net em cada 1000 pessoas: 2.18
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Nacionalidade: GERMAN
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Grupos Étnicos: German 91.5%, Turkish 2.4%, other 6.1% (made up largely of Greek, Italian, Polish, Russian, Serbo-Croatian, Spanish)
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Idioma Principal: German
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Outros Idiomas: German
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Religião Principal: Protestant
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Outras Religiões: Protestant 34%, Roman Catholic 34%, Muslim 3.7%, unaffiliated or other 28.3%
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Ramos: Federal Armed Forces (Bundeswehr): Army (Heer), Navy (Deutsche Marine, includes naval air arm), Air Force (Luftwaffe), Joint Support Service, Central Medical Service
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Mão-de-Obra Militar em forma para o Serviço : 18 anos
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Mão-de-obra Militar Disponível: 36,830,650 Pessoas
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Mão-de-Obra Militar em forma para o Serviço : 29,702,343 Pessoas
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Quantidade de Mão-de-obra Militar disponível: 967,585 Pessoas por ano
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Despesas: $38,800,000,000 USD por ano
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Despesas como percentagem do PIB: 1.50
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Nota: Phrasebase utiliza fontes variáveis quando junta factos e informação presente em cima. Essa informação continuamente actualizada durante o ano.
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Alemanha Directório de Spa e Resort
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Alemanha Trocas de Casa
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Alemanha Aluguer de Apartamentos e Villas para Férias
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Alemanha Informação da Cidade - Jogo de Ganhar Dinheiro
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